Seed Coating with <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>harzianum</i> T-22 of Italian Durum Wheat Increases Protection against <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i>-Induced Crown Rot
Changes in root organization and colonization could be relevant for wheat’s (<i>Triticum durum</i> Desf.) response to <i>F. culmorum</i>-induced crown rot disease (FCR). We investigated the biocontrol and biostimulant efficiency of seeds coated with <i>T. harzianum</...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/5/714 |
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| author | Antonella Vitti Vincenzo Bevilacqua Giuseppina Logozzo Rocco Bochicchio Mariana Amato Maria Nuzzaci |
| author_facet | Antonella Vitti Vincenzo Bevilacqua Giuseppina Logozzo Rocco Bochicchio Mariana Amato Maria Nuzzaci |
| author_sort | Antonella Vitti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Changes in root organization and colonization could be relevant for wheat’s (<i>Triticum durum</i> Desf.) response to <i>F. culmorum</i>-induced crown rot disease (FCR). We investigated the biocontrol and biostimulant efficiency of seeds coated with <i>T. harzianum</i> T-22 (T-22) of four tetraploid wheat seedlings (ancient Saragolle Lucana and modern Creso, Simeto, and Ciclope). In an in vitro experiment, T-22 repressed <i>F. culmorum</i> mycelium growth by over 50% due to the probable combination of competition for nutrients, mycoparasitism, and antibiosis. The seed germination rate was not significantly affected by T-22 while the <i>F. culmorum</i>-induced decrease in emergence was attenuated in the presence of T-22. Ultimately, an improvement in growth was observed by comparing treated and control seedlings at 21 days after sowing. Inoculation with T-22 resulted in Saragolle Lucana seedlings being 4.69 cm higher while Ciclope and Simeto had main roots that were 9.96 and 8.13 cm longer than the control, respectively. Treated and infected Simeto seedlings were 3.75 cm higher and had roots that were 14.45 cm longer than the control, with little contemporary dense coiling colonization by T-22, like Saragolle Lucana. Seed coating induced the best performance regarding seedling growth and the ability to control the pathogen in Simeto (disease severity reduction rate (DDR) of 20%). The pathogenicity of <i>F. culmorum</i> was reduced in all four durum wheats, although it was highly susceptible to FCR. Ciclope, studied for the first time, showed a decrease in disease incidence from 100 ± 0.00% to 56.67 ± 9.13% and a 30% DDR. The seed coating influenced the seedlings’ response to FCR due to T-22’s different colonization actions. This study provides new explanations for the diverse responses of ancient and modern tetraploid wheat to <i>F. culmorum</i> mediated by T-22 inoculation via seed coating. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:31:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d5b7f34a38eb4ddd9afe00b6cb31f0392023-11-23T09:40:37ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-05-0112571410.3390/agriculture12050714Seed Coating with <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>harzianum</i> T-22 of Italian Durum Wheat Increases Protection against <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i>-Induced Crown RotAntonella Vitti0Vincenzo Bevilacqua1Giuseppina Logozzo2Rocco Bochicchio3Mariana Amato4Maria Nuzzaci5School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, ItalySchool of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, ItalySchool of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, ItalySchool of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, ItalySchool of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, ItalySchool of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, ItalyChanges in root organization and colonization could be relevant for wheat’s (<i>Triticum durum</i> Desf.) response to <i>F. culmorum</i>-induced crown rot disease (FCR). We investigated the biocontrol and biostimulant efficiency of seeds coated with <i>T. harzianum</i> T-22 (T-22) of four tetraploid wheat seedlings (ancient Saragolle Lucana and modern Creso, Simeto, and Ciclope). In an in vitro experiment, T-22 repressed <i>F. culmorum</i> mycelium growth by over 50% due to the probable combination of competition for nutrients, mycoparasitism, and antibiosis. The seed germination rate was not significantly affected by T-22 while the <i>F. culmorum</i>-induced decrease in emergence was attenuated in the presence of T-22. Ultimately, an improvement in growth was observed by comparing treated and control seedlings at 21 days after sowing. Inoculation with T-22 resulted in Saragolle Lucana seedlings being 4.69 cm higher while Ciclope and Simeto had main roots that were 9.96 and 8.13 cm longer than the control, respectively. Treated and infected Simeto seedlings were 3.75 cm higher and had roots that were 14.45 cm longer than the control, with little contemporary dense coiling colonization by T-22, like Saragolle Lucana. Seed coating induced the best performance regarding seedling growth and the ability to control the pathogen in Simeto (disease severity reduction rate (DDR) of 20%). The pathogenicity of <i>F. culmorum</i> was reduced in all four durum wheats, although it was highly susceptible to FCR. Ciclope, studied for the first time, showed a decrease in disease incidence from 100 ± 0.00% to 56.67 ± 9.13% and a 30% DDR. The seed coating influenced the seedlings’ response to FCR due to T-22’s different colonization actions. This study provides new explanations for the diverse responses of ancient and modern tetraploid wheat to <i>F. culmorum</i> mediated by T-22 inoculation via seed coating.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/5/714Fusarium crown rot (FCR)disease severityantagonistic activity<i>Triticum durum</i> Desf.root exudatesroot architecture |
| spellingShingle | Antonella Vitti Vincenzo Bevilacqua Giuseppina Logozzo Rocco Bochicchio Mariana Amato Maria Nuzzaci Seed Coating with <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>harzianum</i> T-22 of Italian Durum Wheat Increases Protection against <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i>-Induced Crown Rot Agriculture Fusarium crown rot (FCR) disease severity antagonistic activity <i>Triticum durum</i> Desf. root exudates root architecture |
| title | Seed Coating with <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>harzianum</i> T-22 of Italian Durum Wheat Increases Protection against <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i>-Induced Crown Rot |
| title_full | Seed Coating with <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>harzianum</i> T-22 of Italian Durum Wheat Increases Protection against <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i>-Induced Crown Rot |
| title_fullStr | Seed Coating with <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>harzianum</i> T-22 of Italian Durum Wheat Increases Protection against <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i>-Induced Crown Rot |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seed Coating with <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>harzianum</i> T-22 of Italian Durum Wheat Increases Protection against <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i>-Induced Crown Rot |
| title_short | Seed Coating with <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>harzianum</i> T-22 of Italian Durum Wheat Increases Protection against <i>Fusarium</i> <i>culmorum</i>-Induced Crown Rot |
| title_sort | seed coating with i trichoderma i i harzianum i t 22 of italian durum wheat increases protection against i fusarium i i culmorum i induced crown rot |
| topic | Fusarium crown rot (FCR) disease severity antagonistic activity <i>Triticum durum</i> Desf. root exudates root architecture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/5/714 |
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