Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting nearly three million humans worldwide. In MS, cells of an auto-reactive immune system invade the brain and cause neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation triggers a complex, multi-faceted harmful...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1639 |
| _version_ | 1797441112339644416 |
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| author | Karin Schwarz Frank Schmitz |
| author_facet | Karin Schwarz Frank Schmitz |
| author_sort | Karin Schwarz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting nearly three million humans worldwide. In MS, cells of an auto-reactive immune system invade the brain and cause neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation triggers a complex, multi-faceted harmful process not only in the white matter but also in the grey matter of the brain. In the grey matter, neuroinflammation causes synapse dysfunctions. Synapse dysfunctions in MS occur early and independent from white matter demyelination and are likely correlates of cognitive and mental symptoms in MS. Disturbed synapse/glia interactions and elevated neuroinflammatory signals play a central role. Glutamatergic excitotoxic synapse damage emerges as a major mechanism. We review synapse/glia communication under normal conditions and summarize how this communication becomes malfunctional during neuroinflammation in MS. We discuss mechanisms of how disturbed glia/synapse communication can lead to synapse dysfunctions, signaling dysbalance, and neurodegeneration in MS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:19:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d5bc94c8a17f4c688b16c98c2b405286 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:19:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5bc94c8a17f4c688b16c98c2b4052862023-11-30T22:43:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01242163910.3390/ijms24021639Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple SclerosisKarin Schwarz0Frank Schmitz1Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, GermanyDepartment of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, GermanyMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting nearly three million humans worldwide. In MS, cells of an auto-reactive immune system invade the brain and cause neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation triggers a complex, multi-faceted harmful process not only in the white matter but also in the grey matter of the brain. In the grey matter, neuroinflammation causes synapse dysfunctions. Synapse dysfunctions in MS occur early and independent from white matter demyelination and are likely correlates of cognitive and mental symptoms in MS. Disturbed synapse/glia interactions and elevated neuroinflammatory signals play a central role. Glutamatergic excitotoxic synapse damage emerges as a major mechanism. We review synapse/glia communication under normal conditions and summarize how this communication becomes malfunctional during neuroinflammation in MS. We discuss mechanisms of how disturbed glia/synapse communication can lead to synapse dysfunctions, signaling dysbalance, and neurodegeneration in MS.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1639multiple sclerosissynapseastrocytemicrogliaglutamateionotropic glutamate receptors |
| spellingShingle | Karin Schwarz Frank Schmitz Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis International Journal of Molecular Sciences multiple sclerosis synapse astrocyte microglia glutamate ionotropic glutamate receptors |
| title | Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full | Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_fullStr | Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_short | Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_sort | synapse dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis |
| topic | multiple sclerosis synapse astrocyte microglia glutamate ionotropic glutamate receptors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1639 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT karinschwarz synapsedysfunctionsinmultiplesclerosis AT frankschmitz synapsedysfunctionsinmultiplesclerosis |