Effect of Fungal Endophyte <i>Epichloë bromicola</i> Infection on Cd Tolerance in Wild Barley (<i>Hordeum brevisubulatum</i>)
Hydroponic <i>Hordeum brevisubulatum</i> (wild barley) was used as material in the greenhouse to study the effects of endophyte infection on plant growth, Cd absorption and transport, subcellular distribution, and Cd chemical forms under CdCl<sub>2</sub> stress. Endophytic fu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/4/366 |
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| author | Yurun Zhai Zhenjiang Chen Kamran Malik Xuekai Wei Chunjie Li |
| author_facet | Yurun Zhai Zhenjiang Chen Kamran Malik Xuekai Wei Chunjie Li |
| author_sort | Yurun Zhai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydroponic <i>Hordeum brevisubulatum</i> (wild barley) was used as material in the greenhouse to study the effects of endophyte infection on plant growth, Cd absorption and transport, subcellular distribution, and Cd chemical forms under CdCl<sub>2</sub> stress. Endophytic fungi respond positively to chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency under Cd stress. The order of Cd absorption in different parts of the plant was: roots > stems > leaves. Endophyte infection increased the plant’s absorption and transport of Cd while causing a significant difference in the stem, which was associated with the distribution density of endophyte hyphae. The proportion of organelle Cd in endophyte-infected wild barley was significantly higher, which facilitated more Cd transport to aboveground. Cd stress showed a slight effect on the chemical forms of Cd in leaves. The proportion of phosphate, oxalate, and residual Cd increased in the stem. Cd existed in the form of inorganic salt, organic acid, pectin, and protein in roots. Endophyte infection reduced the Cd content of the more toxic chemical forms to protect the normal progress of plant physiological functions. Therefore, the isolation of cell walls and vacuoles is a key mechanism for plant Cd tolerance and detoxification. As endophyte infections have more ability to absorb Cd in plants, <i>H. brevisubulatum</i>–<i>Epichloë</i> <i>bromicola</i> symbionts can improve heavy metal contaminated soil and water. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:32:20Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:32:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5c82d5155d64226987f7e0379ec5d612023-12-03T13:34:36ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-04-018436610.3390/jof8040366Effect of Fungal Endophyte <i>Epichloë bromicola</i> Infection on Cd Tolerance in Wild Barley (<i>Hordeum brevisubulatum</i>)Yurun Zhai0Zhenjiang Chen1Kamran Malik2Xuekai Wei3Chunjie Li4State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaHydroponic <i>Hordeum brevisubulatum</i> (wild barley) was used as material in the greenhouse to study the effects of endophyte infection on plant growth, Cd absorption and transport, subcellular distribution, and Cd chemical forms under CdCl<sub>2</sub> stress. Endophytic fungi respond positively to chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency under Cd stress. The order of Cd absorption in different parts of the plant was: roots > stems > leaves. Endophyte infection increased the plant’s absorption and transport of Cd while causing a significant difference in the stem, which was associated with the distribution density of endophyte hyphae. The proportion of organelle Cd in endophyte-infected wild barley was significantly higher, which facilitated more Cd transport to aboveground. Cd stress showed a slight effect on the chemical forms of Cd in leaves. The proportion of phosphate, oxalate, and residual Cd increased in the stem. Cd existed in the form of inorganic salt, organic acid, pectin, and protein in roots. Endophyte infection reduced the Cd content of the more toxic chemical forms to protect the normal progress of plant physiological functions. Therefore, the isolation of cell walls and vacuoles is a key mechanism for plant Cd tolerance and detoxification. As endophyte infections have more ability to absorb Cd in plants, <i>H. brevisubulatum</i>–<i>Epichloë</i> <i>bromicola</i> symbionts can improve heavy metal contaminated soil and water.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/4/366wild barleygrass-endophyte fungi symbiosisheavy metalCd distributionsubcellular distributionchemical forms analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yurun Zhai Zhenjiang Chen Kamran Malik Xuekai Wei Chunjie Li Effect of Fungal Endophyte <i>Epichloë bromicola</i> Infection on Cd Tolerance in Wild Barley (<i>Hordeum brevisubulatum</i>) Journal of Fungi wild barley grass-endophyte fungi symbiosis heavy metal Cd distribution subcellular distribution chemical forms analysis |
| title | Effect of Fungal Endophyte <i>Epichloë bromicola</i> Infection on Cd Tolerance in Wild Barley (<i>Hordeum brevisubulatum</i>) |
| title_full | Effect of Fungal Endophyte <i>Epichloë bromicola</i> Infection on Cd Tolerance in Wild Barley (<i>Hordeum brevisubulatum</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Fungal Endophyte <i>Epichloë bromicola</i> Infection on Cd Tolerance in Wild Barley (<i>Hordeum brevisubulatum</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Fungal Endophyte <i>Epichloë bromicola</i> Infection on Cd Tolerance in Wild Barley (<i>Hordeum brevisubulatum</i>) |
| title_short | Effect of Fungal Endophyte <i>Epichloë bromicola</i> Infection on Cd Tolerance in Wild Barley (<i>Hordeum brevisubulatum</i>) |
| title_sort | effect of fungal endophyte i epichloe bromicola i infection on cd tolerance in wild barley i hordeum brevisubulatum i |
| topic | wild barley grass-endophyte fungi symbiosis heavy metal Cd distribution subcellular distribution chemical forms analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/4/366 |
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