Multiple insecticide resistance and Plasmodium infection in the principal malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in a forested locality close to the Yaoundé airport, Cameroon [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
Background: Reducing the burden of malaria requires better understanding of vector populations, particularly in forested regions where the incidence remains elevated. Here, we characterized malaria vectors in a locality near the Yaoundé international airport, Cameroon, including species composition,...
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| Language: | English |
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Wellcome
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Wellcome Open Research |
| Online Access: | https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-146/v2 |
| _version_ | 1818720327991033856 |
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| author | Francis N. Nkemngo Leon M. J. Mugenzi Ebai Terence Abdoulaye Niang Murielle J. Wondji Micareme Tchoupo Nguiffo D. Nguete Williams Tchapga Helen Irving Jacques D. M. Ntabi Romuald Agonhossou Terence S. Boussougou-Sambe Romaric B. Akoton Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda Yudi T. Pinilla Francine Ntoumi Luc S. Djogbenou Stephen M. Ghogomu Cyrille Ndo Ayola A. Adegnika Steffen Borrmann Charles S. Wondji |
| author_facet | Francis N. Nkemngo Leon M. J. Mugenzi Ebai Terence Abdoulaye Niang Murielle J. Wondji Micareme Tchoupo Nguiffo D. Nguete Williams Tchapga Helen Irving Jacques D. M. Ntabi Romuald Agonhossou Terence S. Boussougou-Sambe Romaric B. Akoton Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda Yudi T. Pinilla Francine Ntoumi Luc S. Djogbenou Stephen M. Ghogomu Cyrille Ndo Ayola A. Adegnika Steffen Borrmann Charles S. Wondji |
| author_sort | Francis N. Nkemngo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Reducing the burden of malaria requires better understanding of vector populations, particularly in forested regions where the incidence remains elevated. Here, we characterized malaria vectors in a locality near the Yaoundé international airport, Cameroon, including species composition, abundance, Plasmodium infection rate, insecticide resistance profiles and underlying resistance mechanisms. Methods: Blood-fed adult mosquitoes resting indoors were aspirated from houses in April 2019 at Elende, a locality situated 2 km from the Yaoundé-Nsimalen airport. Female mosquitoes were forced to lay eggs to generate F 1 adults. Bioassays were performed to assess resistance profile to the four insecticides classes. The threshold of insecticide susceptibility was defined above 98% mortality rate and mortality rates below 90% were indicative of confirmed insecticide resistance. Furthermore, the molecular basis of resistance and Plasmodium infection rates were investigated. Results: Anopheles funestus s.s. was the most abundant species in Elende (85%) followed by Anopheles gambiae s.s. (15%) with both having similar sporozoite rate. Both species exhibited high levels of resistance to the pyrethroids, permethrin and deltamethrin (<40% mortality). An. gambiae s.s. was resistant to DDT (9.9% mortality) and bendiocarb (54% mortality) while susceptible to organophosphate. An. funestus s.s. was resistant to dieldrin (1% mortality), DDT (86% mortality) but susceptible to carbamates and organophosphates. The L119F-GSTe2 resistance allele (8%) and G119S ace-1 resistance allele (15%) were detected in An. funestus s.s. and An. gambiae s.s., respectively. Furthermore, the high pyrethroid/DDT resistances in An. gambiae corresponded with an increase frequency of 1014F kdr allele (95%). Transcriptional profiling of candidate cytochrome P450 genes reveals the over-expression of CYP6P5, CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b. Conclusion: The resistance to multiple insecticide classes observed in these vector populations alongside the significant Plasmodium sporozoite rate highlights the challenges that vector control programs encounter in sustaining the regular benefits of contemporary insecticide-based control interventions in forested areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:21:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d5d7a6d90cd542f2883c4625b8727f98 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2398-502X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:21:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Wellcome |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Wellcome Open Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5d7a6d90cd542f2883c4625b8727f982022-12-21T21:33:57ZengWellcomeWellcome Open Research2398-502X2020-11-01510.12688/wellcomeopenres.15818.217917Multiple insecticide resistance and Plasmodium infection in the principal malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in a forested locality close to the Yaoundé airport, Cameroon [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]Francis N. Nkemngo0Leon M. J. Mugenzi1Ebai Terence2Abdoulaye Niang3Murielle J. Wondji4Micareme Tchoupo5Nguiffo D. Nguete6Williams Tchapga7Helen Irving8Jacques D. M. Ntabi9Romuald Agonhossou10Terence S. Boussougou-Sambe11Romaric B. Akoton12Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda13Yudi T. Pinilla14Francine Ntoumi15Luc S. Djogbenou16Stephen M. Ghogomu17Cyrille Ndo18Ayola A. Adegnika19Steffen Borrmann20Charles S. Wondji21Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, CameroonDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, CameroonDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, CameroonDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, CameroonDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, CameroonDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, CameroonDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, CameroonDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, CameroonDepartment of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UKUniversité Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, CongoInstitut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, BeninCentre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, GabonInstitut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, BeninUniversité Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, CongoCentre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, GabonInstitute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyInstitut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, BeninDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, South West, 237, CameroonDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, CameroonEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen,, Tübingen, GermanyInstitute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde, Centre Region, 237, CameroonBackground: Reducing the burden of malaria requires better understanding of vector populations, particularly in forested regions where the incidence remains elevated. Here, we characterized malaria vectors in a locality near the Yaoundé international airport, Cameroon, including species composition, abundance, Plasmodium infection rate, insecticide resistance profiles and underlying resistance mechanisms. Methods: Blood-fed adult mosquitoes resting indoors were aspirated from houses in April 2019 at Elende, a locality situated 2 km from the Yaoundé-Nsimalen airport. Female mosquitoes were forced to lay eggs to generate F 1 adults. Bioassays were performed to assess resistance profile to the four insecticides classes. The threshold of insecticide susceptibility was defined above 98% mortality rate and mortality rates below 90% were indicative of confirmed insecticide resistance. Furthermore, the molecular basis of resistance and Plasmodium infection rates were investigated. Results: Anopheles funestus s.s. was the most abundant species in Elende (85%) followed by Anopheles gambiae s.s. (15%) with both having similar sporozoite rate. Both species exhibited high levels of resistance to the pyrethroids, permethrin and deltamethrin (<40% mortality). An. gambiae s.s. was resistant to DDT (9.9% mortality) and bendiocarb (54% mortality) while susceptible to organophosphate. An. funestus s.s. was resistant to dieldrin (1% mortality), DDT (86% mortality) but susceptible to carbamates and organophosphates. The L119F-GSTe2 resistance allele (8%) and G119S ace-1 resistance allele (15%) were detected in An. funestus s.s. and An. gambiae s.s., respectively. Furthermore, the high pyrethroid/DDT resistances in An. gambiae corresponded with an increase frequency of 1014F kdr allele (95%). Transcriptional profiling of candidate cytochrome P450 genes reveals the over-expression of CYP6P5, CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b. Conclusion: The resistance to multiple insecticide classes observed in these vector populations alongside the significant Plasmodium sporozoite rate highlights the challenges that vector control programs encounter in sustaining the regular benefits of contemporary insecticide-based control interventions in forested areas.https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-146/v2 |
| spellingShingle | Francis N. Nkemngo Leon M. J. Mugenzi Ebai Terence Abdoulaye Niang Murielle J. Wondji Micareme Tchoupo Nguiffo D. Nguete Williams Tchapga Helen Irving Jacques D. M. Ntabi Romuald Agonhossou Terence S. Boussougou-Sambe Romaric B. Akoton Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda Yudi T. Pinilla Francine Ntoumi Luc S. Djogbenou Stephen M. Ghogomu Cyrille Ndo Ayola A. Adegnika Steffen Borrmann Charles S. Wondji Multiple insecticide resistance and Plasmodium infection in the principal malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in a forested locality close to the Yaoundé airport, Cameroon [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] Wellcome Open Research |
| title | Multiple insecticide resistance and Plasmodium infection in the principal malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in a forested locality close to the Yaoundé airport, Cameroon [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_full | Multiple insecticide resistance and Plasmodium infection in the principal malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in a forested locality close to the Yaoundé airport, Cameroon [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_fullStr | Multiple insecticide resistance and Plasmodium infection in the principal malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in a forested locality close to the Yaoundé airport, Cameroon [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multiple insecticide resistance and Plasmodium infection in the principal malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in a forested locality close to the Yaoundé airport, Cameroon [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_short | Multiple insecticide resistance and Plasmodium infection in the principal malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in a forested locality close to the Yaoundé airport, Cameroon [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_sort | multiple insecticide resistance and plasmodium infection in the principal malaria vectors anopheles funestus and anopheles gambiae in a forested locality close to the yaounde airport cameroon version 2 peer review 2 approved |
| url | https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-146/v2 |
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