Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an abnormal immune response induced by infection with no approved or specific therapeutic options. We present our perspectives for the therapeutic management of sepsis through a four-way approach: (1) infection control through immune enhancement; (2)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.870632/full |
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| author | Senthilkumar Preethy Kadalraja Raghavan Kadalraja Raghavan Vidyasagar Devaprasad Dedeepiya Vaddi Surya Prakash Nobunao Ikewaki Nobunao Ikewaki Yasunori Ikeue Mitsuru Nagataki Masaru Iwasaki Rajappa Senthilkumar Samuel J. K. Abraham Samuel J. K. Abraham Samuel J. K. Abraham |
| author_facet | Senthilkumar Preethy Kadalraja Raghavan Kadalraja Raghavan Vidyasagar Devaprasad Dedeepiya Vaddi Surya Prakash Nobunao Ikewaki Nobunao Ikewaki Yasunori Ikeue Mitsuru Nagataki Masaru Iwasaki Rajappa Senthilkumar Samuel J. K. Abraham Samuel J. K. Abraham Samuel J. K. Abraham |
| author_sort | Senthilkumar Preethy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an abnormal immune response induced by infection with no approved or specific therapeutic options. We present our perspectives for the therapeutic management of sepsis through a four-way approach: (1) infection control through immune enhancement; (2) immune suppression during the initial hyper-inflammatory phase; (3) balanced immune-modulation to counter the later immune-paralysis phase; and (4) advantageous effects on metabolic and coagulation parameters throughout. COVID-19 is a virus-triggered, accelerated sepsis-like reaction that is associated with the rapid progress of an inflammatory cascade involving a cytokine storm and multiorgan failure. Here, we discuss the potential of the biological response modifiers, β-glucans (BRMGs), in the management of sepsis based on their beneficial effects on inflammatory-immune events in COVID-19 clinical studies. In COVID-19 patients, apart from metabolic regulation, BRMGs, derived from a black yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans strain AFO-202, have been reported to stimulate immune responses. BRMGs, produced by another strain (N-163) of A. pullulans, have been implicated in the beneficial regulation of inflammatory markers and immunity, namely IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimer, ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), leucocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LeCR), and leukocyte-to-IL-6 ratio (LeIR). Agents such as these β-glucans, which are safe as they have been widely consumed by humans for decades, have potential as adjuncts for the prevention and management of sepsis as they exert their beneficial effects across the spectrum of processes and factors involved in sepsis pathology, including, but not limited to, metabolism, infection, inflammation, immune modulation, immune enhancement, and gut microbiota. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:18:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d5f123f3c3664c2fae7ff026758f2468 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:18:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5f123f3c3664c2fae7ff026758f24682022-12-22T00:20:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-06-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.870632870632Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of SepsisSenthilkumar Preethy0Kadalraja Raghavan1Kadalraja Raghavan2Vidyasagar Devaprasad Dedeepiya3Vaddi Surya Prakash4Nobunao Ikewaki5Nobunao Ikewaki6Yasunori Ikeue7Mitsuru Nagataki8Masaru Iwasaki9Rajappa Senthilkumar10Samuel J. K. Abraham11Samuel J. K. Abraham12Samuel J. K. Abraham13Fujio-Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Paediatric Neurology, Sarvee Integra Private Limited, Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Paediatric Neurology, Jesuit Antonyraj memorial Inter-disciplinary Centre for Advanced Recovery and Education (JAICARE), Madurai, IndiaMary-Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Urology, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, IndiaDepartment of Medical Life Science, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, JapanInstitute of Immunology, Junsei Educational Institute, Nobeoka, JapanResearch Division, Sophy Inc., Kochi, JapanResearch Division, Sophy Inc., Kochi, JapanCentre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR), University of Yamanashi - School of Medicine, Chuo, JapanFujio-Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, IndiaMary-Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai, IndiaCentre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR), University of Yamanashi - School of Medicine, Chuo, Japan0Antony-Xavier Interdisciplinary Scholastics (AXIS), GN Corporation Ltd., Kofu, JapanSepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an abnormal immune response induced by infection with no approved or specific therapeutic options. We present our perspectives for the therapeutic management of sepsis through a four-way approach: (1) infection control through immune enhancement; (2) immune suppression during the initial hyper-inflammatory phase; (3) balanced immune-modulation to counter the later immune-paralysis phase; and (4) advantageous effects on metabolic and coagulation parameters throughout. COVID-19 is a virus-triggered, accelerated sepsis-like reaction that is associated with the rapid progress of an inflammatory cascade involving a cytokine storm and multiorgan failure. Here, we discuss the potential of the biological response modifiers, β-glucans (BRMGs), in the management of sepsis based on their beneficial effects on inflammatory-immune events in COVID-19 clinical studies. In COVID-19 patients, apart from metabolic regulation, BRMGs, derived from a black yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans strain AFO-202, have been reported to stimulate immune responses. BRMGs, produced by another strain (N-163) of A. pullulans, have been implicated in the beneficial regulation of inflammatory markers and immunity, namely IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimer, ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), leucocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LeCR), and leukocyte-to-IL-6 ratio (LeIR). Agents such as these β-glucans, which are safe as they have been widely consumed by humans for decades, have potential as adjuncts for the prevention and management of sepsis as they exert their beneficial effects across the spectrum of processes and factors involved in sepsis pathology, including, but not limited to, metabolism, infection, inflammation, immune modulation, immune enhancement, and gut microbiota.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.870632/fullimmune-modulationCOVID-19biological response modifier beta-glucanssepsisimmune-paralysisimmune cell ratios |
| spellingShingle | Senthilkumar Preethy Kadalraja Raghavan Kadalraja Raghavan Vidyasagar Devaprasad Dedeepiya Vaddi Surya Prakash Nobunao Ikewaki Nobunao Ikewaki Yasunori Ikeue Mitsuru Nagataki Masaru Iwasaki Rajappa Senthilkumar Samuel J. K. Abraham Samuel J. K. Abraham Samuel J. K. Abraham Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis Frontiers in Immunology immune-modulation COVID-19 biological response modifier beta-glucans sepsis immune-paralysis immune cell ratios |
| title | Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis |
| title_full | Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis |
| title_fullStr | Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis |
| title_short | Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis |
| title_sort | beneficial immune regulation by biological response modifier glucans in covid 19 and their envisaged potentials in the management of sepsis |
| topic | immune-modulation COVID-19 biological response modifier beta-glucans sepsis immune-paralysis immune cell ratios |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.870632/full |
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