Association of hypertension and depression with mortality: an exploratory study with interaction and mediation models
Abstract Background The association of hypertension and depression with mortality has not been fully understood. We aimed to explore the possible independent or joint association of hypertension and depression with mortality. Their interaction effects on mortality and possible mediating role were al...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18548-0 |
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| author | Huanhuan Huang Fanchao Meng Yanjie Qi Xiuping Yan Junhui Qi Yuanzhen Wu Yiwei Lin Xu Chen Fan He |
| author_facet | Huanhuan Huang Fanchao Meng Yanjie Qi Xiuping Yan Junhui Qi Yuanzhen Wu Yiwei Lin Xu Chen Fan He |
| author_sort | Huanhuan Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The association of hypertension and depression with mortality has not been fully understood. We aimed to explore the possible independent or joint association of hypertension and depression with mortality. Their interaction effects on mortality and possible mediating role were also investigated. Methods Associations of hypertension, depression, and their interaction with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. The mediation analysis was conducted with a Sobel test. Results A total of 35152 participants were included in the final analysis. Hypertension and depression were independently associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. The co-existence of hypertension and depression resulted in a 1.7-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-2.1] increase in all-cause mortality and a 2.3-fold (95% CI: 1.4-3.7) increase in CVD mortality compared to those with neither of them. Hypertension and depression showed no significant multiplicative (P for interaction, 0.587) and additive interaction (P for relative excess risk of interaction, 0.243; P for Interaction on additive scale, 0.654) on all-cause mortality, as well as on CVD mortality. Depression did not mediate the relationship between hypertension and all-cause (Z=1.704, P=0.088) and CVD mortality (Z=1.547, P=0.122). Hypertension did not mediate the relationship between all-cause and CVD mortality as well. Conclusion Hypertension and depression were related to all-cause and CVD mortality independently and the co-existence of them increased the risk of mortality. However, there is no interaction effect of them on mortality, and hypertension or depression did not mediate the association of each other with mortality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:11:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d5f2c7e365e44acc8473f2a49eee8328 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:11:15Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5f2c7e365e44acc8473f2a49eee83282024-04-21T11:33:10ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582024-04-012411910.1186/s12889-024-18548-0Association of hypertension and depression with mortality: an exploratory study with interaction and mediation modelsHuanhuan Huang0Fanchao Meng1Yanjie Qi2Xiuping Yan3Junhui Qi4Yuanzhen Wu5Yiwei LinXu Chen6Fan He7Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract Background The association of hypertension and depression with mortality has not been fully understood. We aimed to explore the possible independent or joint association of hypertension and depression with mortality. Their interaction effects on mortality and possible mediating role were also investigated. Methods Associations of hypertension, depression, and their interaction with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. The mediation analysis was conducted with a Sobel test. Results A total of 35152 participants were included in the final analysis. Hypertension and depression were independently associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. The co-existence of hypertension and depression resulted in a 1.7-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-2.1] increase in all-cause mortality and a 2.3-fold (95% CI: 1.4-3.7) increase in CVD mortality compared to those with neither of them. Hypertension and depression showed no significant multiplicative (P for interaction, 0.587) and additive interaction (P for relative excess risk of interaction, 0.243; P for Interaction on additive scale, 0.654) on all-cause mortality, as well as on CVD mortality. Depression did not mediate the relationship between hypertension and all-cause (Z=1.704, P=0.088) and CVD mortality (Z=1.547, P=0.122). Hypertension did not mediate the relationship between all-cause and CVD mortality as well. Conclusion Hypertension and depression were related to all-cause and CVD mortality independently and the co-existence of them increased the risk of mortality. However, there is no interaction effect of them on mortality, and hypertension or depression did not mediate the association of each other with mortality.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18548-0HypertensionDepressionMortalityCardiovascular diseaseInteractionMediation |
| spellingShingle | Huanhuan Huang Fanchao Meng Yanjie Qi Xiuping Yan Junhui Qi Yuanzhen Wu Yiwei Lin Xu Chen Fan He Association of hypertension and depression with mortality: an exploratory study with interaction and mediation models BMC Public Health Hypertension Depression Mortality Cardiovascular disease Interaction Mediation |
| title | Association of hypertension and depression with mortality: an exploratory study with interaction and mediation models |
| title_full | Association of hypertension and depression with mortality: an exploratory study with interaction and mediation models |
| title_fullStr | Association of hypertension and depression with mortality: an exploratory study with interaction and mediation models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of hypertension and depression with mortality: an exploratory study with interaction and mediation models |
| title_short | Association of hypertension and depression with mortality: an exploratory study with interaction and mediation models |
| title_sort | association of hypertension and depression with mortality an exploratory study with interaction and mediation models |
| topic | Hypertension Depression Mortality Cardiovascular disease Interaction Mediation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18548-0 |
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