Sustainable Synthesis of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Monkfish Liver Oil
The search for economic and sustainable sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) within the framework of the circular economy is encouraged by their proven beneficial effects on health. The extraction of monkfish liver oil (MLO) for the synthesis of omega-3 ethyl esters was performed to evalua...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/1/100 |
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| author | Johanna Aguilera-Oviedo Edinson Yara-Varón Mercè Torres Ramon Canela-Garayoa Mercè Balcells |
| author_facet | Johanna Aguilera-Oviedo Edinson Yara-Varón Mercè Torres Ramon Canela-Garayoa Mercè Balcells |
| author_sort | Johanna Aguilera-Oviedo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The search for economic and sustainable sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) within the framework of the circular economy is encouraged by their proven beneficial effects on health. The extraction of monkfish liver oil (MLO) for the synthesis of omega-3 ethyl esters was performed to evaluate two blending systems and four green solvents in this work. Moreover, the potential solubility of the MLO in green solvents was studied using the predictive simulation software COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvents (COSMO-RS). The production of ethyl esters was performed by one or two-step reactions. Novozym 435, two resting cells (<i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Rhizopus oryzae</i>) obtained in our laboratory and a mix of them were used as biocatalysts in a solvent-free system. The yields for Novozym 435, <i>R. oryzae</i> and <i>A. flavus</i> in the one-step esterification were 63, 61 and 46%, respectively. The hydrolysis step in the two-step reaction led to 83, 88 and 93% of free fatty acids (FFA) for Novozym 435, <i>R. oryzae</i> and <i>A. flavus</i>, respectively. However, Novozym 435 showed the highest yield in the esterification step (85%), followed by <i>R. oryzae</i> (65%) and <i>A. flavus</i> (41%). Moreover, selectivity of polyunsaturated fatty acids of <i>R. oryzae</i> lipase was evidenced as it slightly esterified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in all the esterification reactions tested. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:00:30Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:00:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5fd675102884c4989f56509aa496a5b2023-12-03T13:01:25ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442021-01-0111110010.3390/catal11010100Sustainable Synthesis of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Monkfish Liver OilJohanna Aguilera-Oviedo0Edinson Yara-Varón1Mercè Torres2Ramon Canela-Garayoa3Mercè Balcells4Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, SpainDepartment of Chemistry, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, SpainCentre for Biotechnological and Agrofood Developments (Centre DBA), University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, SpainDepartment of Chemistry, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, SpainDepartment of Chemistry, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, SpainThe search for economic and sustainable sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) within the framework of the circular economy is encouraged by their proven beneficial effects on health. The extraction of monkfish liver oil (MLO) for the synthesis of omega-3 ethyl esters was performed to evaluate two blending systems and four green solvents in this work. Moreover, the potential solubility of the MLO in green solvents was studied using the predictive simulation software COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvents (COSMO-RS). The production of ethyl esters was performed by one or two-step reactions. Novozym 435, two resting cells (<i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Rhizopus oryzae</i>) obtained in our laboratory and a mix of them were used as biocatalysts in a solvent-free system. The yields for Novozym 435, <i>R. oryzae</i> and <i>A. flavus</i> in the one-step esterification were 63, 61 and 46%, respectively. The hydrolysis step in the two-step reaction led to 83, 88 and 93% of free fatty acids (FFA) for Novozym 435, <i>R. oryzae</i> and <i>A. flavus</i>, respectively. However, Novozym 435 showed the highest yield in the esterification step (85%), followed by <i>R. oryzae</i> (65%) and <i>A. flavus</i> (41%). Moreover, selectivity of polyunsaturated fatty acids of <i>R. oryzae</i> lipase was evidenced as it slightly esterified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in all the esterification reactions tested.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/1/100omega-3 ethyl estersmonkfish liver oilCOSMO-RSfungal resting cellsselectivity |
| spellingShingle | Johanna Aguilera-Oviedo Edinson Yara-Varón Mercè Torres Ramon Canela-Garayoa Mercè Balcells Sustainable Synthesis of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Monkfish Liver Oil Catalysts omega-3 ethyl esters monkfish liver oil COSMO-RS fungal resting cells selectivity |
| title | Sustainable Synthesis of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Monkfish Liver Oil |
| title_full | Sustainable Synthesis of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Monkfish Liver Oil |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Synthesis of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Monkfish Liver Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Synthesis of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Monkfish Liver Oil |
| title_short | Sustainable Synthesis of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Monkfish Liver Oil |
| title_sort | sustainable synthesis of omega 3 fatty acid ethyl esters from monkfish liver oil |
| topic | omega-3 ethyl esters monkfish liver oil COSMO-RS fungal resting cells selectivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/1/100 |
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