Physiomorphic and molecular-based evaluation of wheat germplasm under drought and heat stress
Drought and heat stress are potential problems that can reduce wheat yield, particularly during the terminal growth stages in arid and semiarid regions of the world. The current study intended to examine the impact of individual and combined drought and heat stress on the biochemical contents (anti...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1107945/full |
| _version_ | 1797847936088932352 |
|---|---|
| author | Hameed Alsamadany Yahya Alzahrani Zahid Hussain Shah |
| author_facet | Hameed Alsamadany Yahya Alzahrani Zahid Hussain Shah |
| author_sort | Hameed Alsamadany |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drought and heat stress are potential problems that can reduce wheat yield, particularly during the terminal growth stages in arid and semiarid regions of the world. The current study intended to examine the impact of individual and combined drought and heat stress on the biochemical contents (antioxidant enzymes, proline, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars), physiological parameters (chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration), plant–water relations (relative water content, water potential, osmotic potential, and pressure potential), agronomic traits (flag leaf area, plant height, number of tillers per plant, spike length, grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight), and gene expression (TaHSF1a, TaWRKY-33, TaNAC2L, and TaGASR1) in four different thermostable and drought-tolerant wheat genotypes (i.e., Gold-16, HS-240, Suntop, and Hemai-13) collected from different countries. The tri-replicate experiment was conducted using two factorial arrangements in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). All measured traits, except total soluble sugars, proline, and cell membrane stability index, showed significant reduction under both combined and individual treatments. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a significant association between biochemical and physiological characteristics and crop agronomic productivity. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap analysis demonstrated significant levels of variation in traits according to the type of stress and nature of wheat genotype. The spectrographs and micrographs generated by scanning electron microscopy for the selected high- and low- tolerance samples revealed clear differences in mineral distribution and starch granulation. All studied genes showed comparatively high levels of relative expression under combined treatments of drought and heat stress in all wheat genotypes, but this expression was the highest in ‘Gold-16’ followed by ‘HS-240’, ‘Suntop’, and ‘Hemai-13’. Overall, this study concluded that plants are proactive entities and they respond to stresses at all levels; however, the tolerant plants tend to retain the integrity of their biochemical, physiological, and molecular equilibrium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:20:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d613a9dde46b453b80b5e8a5e10c0bfd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:20:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-d613a9dde46b453b80b5e8a5e10c0bfd2023-04-12T10:49:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-04-011410.3389/fpls.2023.11079451107945Physiomorphic and molecular-based evaluation of wheat germplasm under drought and heat stressHameed Alsamadany0Yahya Alzahrani1Zahid Hussain Shah2Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, PakistanDrought and heat stress are potential problems that can reduce wheat yield, particularly during the terminal growth stages in arid and semiarid regions of the world. The current study intended to examine the impact of individual and combined drought and heat stress on the biochemical contents (antioxidant enzymes, proline, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars), physiological parameters (chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration), plant–water relations (relative water content, water potential, osmotic potential, and pressure potential), agronomic traits (flag leaf area, plant height, number of tillers per plant, spike length, grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight), and gene expression (TaHSF1a, TaWRKY-33, TaNAC2L, and TaGASR1) in four different thermostable and drought-tolerant wheat genotypes (i.e., Gold-16, HS-240, Suntop, and Hemai-13) collected from different countries. The tri-replicate experiment was conducted using two factorial arrangements in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). All measured traits, except total soluble sugars, proline, and cell membrane stability index, showed significant reduction under both combined and individual treatments. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a significant association between biochemical and physiological characteristics and crop agronomic productivity. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap analysis demonstrated significant levels of variation in traits according to the type of stress and nature of wheat genotype. The spectrographs and micrographs generated by scanning electron microscopy for the selected high- and low- tolerance samples revealed clear differences in mineral distribution and starch granulation. All studied genes showed comparatively high levels of relative expression under combined treatments of drought and heat stress in all wheat genotypes, but this expression was the highest in ‘Gold-16’ followed by ‘HS-240’, ‘Suntop’, and ‘Hemai-13’. Overall, this study concluded that plants are proactive entities and they respond to stresses at all levels; however, the tolerant plants tend to retain the integrity of their biochemical, physiological, and molecular equilibrium.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1107945/fullbiochemical contentsphysiological parametersplant–water relationsgrowth and yield traitsgene expression |
| spellingShingle | Hameed Alsamadany Yahya Alzahrani Zahid Hussain Shah Physiomorphic and molecular-based evaluation of wheat germplasm under drought and heat stress Frontiers in Plant Science biochemical contents physiological parameters plant–water relations growth and yield traits gene expression |
| title | Physiomorphic and molecular-based evaluation of wheat germplasm under drought and heat stress |
| title_full | Physiomorphic and molecular-based evaluation of wheat germplasm under drought and heat stress |
| title_fullStr | Physiomorphic and molecular-based evaluation of wheat germplasm under drought and heat stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiomorphic and molecular-based evaluation of wheat germplasm under drought and heat stress |
| title_short | Physiomorphic and molecular-based evaluation of wheat germplasm under drought and heat stress |
| title_sort | physiomorphic and molecular based evaluation of wheat germplasm under drought and heat stress |
| topic | biochemical contents physiological parameters plant–water relations growth and yield traits gene expression |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1107945/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hameedalsamadany physiomorphicandmolecularbasedevaluationofwheatgermplasmunderdroughtandheatstress AT yahyaalzahrani physiomorphicandmolecularbasedevaluationofwheatgermplasmunderdroughtandheatstress AT zahidhussainshah physiomorphicandmolecularbasedevaluationofwheatgermplasmunderdroughtandheatstress |