Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in children in Iran: Atypical CT manifestations and mortality risk of severe COVID-19 infection
Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Iran reported its first confirmed cases of syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on 19 February 2020 in Qom. Although the numbers of cases are increasing, no report about clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and im...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118220301778 |
| _version_ | 1818578831733161984 |
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| author | Setareh Mamishi Hosein Heydari Alireza Aziz-Ahari Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi Babak Pourakbari Shima Mahmoudi Zahra Movahedi |
| author_facet | Setareh Mamishi Hosein Heydari Alireza Aziz-Ahari Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi Babak Pourakbari Shima Mahmoudi Zahra Movahedi |
| author_sort | Setareh Mamishi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Iran reported its first confirmed cases of syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on 19 February 2020 in Qom. Although the numbers of cases are increasing, no report about clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and imaging findings of the children infected with COVID-19 in Iran has been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and radiological and laboratory findings of 24 children who had proven SARS-CoV-2 infection and performed chest computed tomographic (CT) in Qom, Iran. Methods: Demographic information and clinical characteristics of the patients including signs and symptoms, chest CT scan manifestation, laboratory findings and clinical outcomes were collected. Diagnosing of the confirmed case was based on positive real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction test for SARS-CoV-2. Findings: During the first 3 months of the epidemic in Qom, Iran, 24 children with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. The median age of the cases was 6 years [inter-quartile range 3.5–9.5 years]. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (100%), dry cough (62.5%), tachypnea (29%), abdominal pain (21%), and vomiting (21%). Three cases (12.5%) presented with a history of diarrhea in addition to fever and cough. According to the chest CT findings, 2 cases (8%) showed no abnormality. Typical CT findings were found in 6 patients (25%), 2 patients showed indeterminate appearance, and 14 patients (58%) showed atypical findings. Two children with SARS-CoV-2 infection manifested as a hyperinflammatory syndrome with multi-organ involvement similar to Kawasaki disease shock syndrome. Seventy-one percent of the patients showed severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and the mortality of 12.5% (3 cases) were reported. Interpretation: High frequency of atypical chest CT finding in children should raise concern for pediatricians. Early recognition of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is of crucial importance in controlling of the outbreak and atypical imaging features should be interpreted with caution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T06:52:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d61aad3fdba44237a8942f1f9be8d8e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1684-1182 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T06:52:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection |
| spelling | doaj.art-d61aad3fdba44237a8942f1f9be8d8e22022-12-21T22:40:22ZengElsevierJournal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection1684-11822021-10-01545839844Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in children in Iran: Atypical CT manifestations and mortality risk of severe COVID-19 infectionSetareh Mamishi0Hosein Heydari1Alireza Aziz-Ahari2Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi3Babak Pourakbari4Shima Mahmoudi5Zahra Movahedi6Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IranRadiology Department, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IranPediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; Corresponding author.Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Iran reported its first confirmed cases of syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on 19 February 2020 in Qom. Although the numbers of cases are increasing, no report about clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and imaging findings of the children infected with COVID-19 in Iran has been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and radiological and laboratory findings of 24 children who had proven SARS-CoV-2 infection and performed chest computed tomographic (CT) in Qom, Iran. Methods: Demographic information and clinical characteristics of the patients including signs and symptoms, chest CT scan manifestation, laboratory findings and clinical outcomes were collected. Diagnosing of the confirmed case was based on positive real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction test for SARS-CoV-2. Findings: During the first 3 months of the epidemic in Qom, Iran, 24 children with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. The median age of the cases was 6 years [inter-quartile range 3.5–9.5 years]. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (100%), dry cough (62.5%), tachypnea (29%), abdominal pain (21%), and vomiting (21%). Three cases (12.5%) presented with a history of diarrhea in addition to fever and cough. According to the chest CT findings, 2 cases (8%) showed no abnormality. Typical CT findings were found in 6 patients (25%), 2 patients showed indeterminate appearance, and 14 patients (58%) showed atypical findings. Two children with SARS-CoV-2 infection manifested as a hyperinflammatory syndrome with multi-organ involvement similar to Kawasaki disease shock syndrome. Seventy-one percent of the patients showed severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and the mortality of 12.5% (3 cases) were reported. Interpretation: High frequency of atypical chest CT finding in children should raise concern for pediatricians. Early recognition of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is of crucial importance in controlling of the outbreak and atypical imaging features should be interpreted with caution.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118220301778COVID-19ChildrenCT scanAtypical CT appearanceIran |
| spellingShingle | Setareh Mamishi Hosein Heydari Alireza Aziz-Ahari Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi Babak Pourakbari Shima Mahmoudi Zahra Movahedi Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in children in Iran: Atypical CT manifestations and mortality risk of severe COVID-19 infection Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection COVID-19 Children CT scan Atypical CT appearance Iran |
| title | Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in children in Iran: Atypical CT manifestations and mortality risk of severe COVID-19 infection |
| title_full | Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in children in Iran: Atypical CT manifestations and mortality risk of severe COVID-19 infection |
| title_fullStr | Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in children in Iran: Atypical CT manifestations and mortality risk of severe COVID-19 infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in children in Iran: Atypical CT manifestations and mortality risk of severe COVID-19 infection |
| title_short | Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in children in Iran: Atypical CT manifestations and mortality risk of severe COVID-19 infection |
| title_sort | novel coronavirus disease 2019 covid 19 outbreak in children in iran atypical ct manifestations and mortality risk of severe covid 19 infection |
| topic | COVID-19 Children CT scan Atypical CT appearance Iran |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118220301778 |
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