Inertial measurement units for the detection of the effects of simulated leg length inequalities
Abstract Background Leg length inequalities (LLI) are a common condition that can be associated with detrimental effects like low back pain and osteoarthritis. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer the chance to analyze daily activities outside a laboratory. Analyzing the kinematic effects of (sim...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02212-z |
| _version_ | 1818037644130516992 |
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| author | Hannah Lena Siebers Jörg Eschweiler Valentin M. Quack Markus Tingart Marcel Betsch |
| author_facet | Hannah Lena Siebers Jörg Eschweiler Valentin M. Quack Markus Tingart Marcel Betsch |
| author_sort | Hannah Lena Siebers |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Leg length inequalities (LLI) are a common condition that can be associated with detrimental effects like low back pain and osteoarthritis. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer the chance to analyze daily activities outside a laboratory. Analyzing the kinematic effects of (simulated) LLI on the musculoskeletal apparatus using IMUs will show their potentiality to improve the comprehension of LLI. Methods Twenty healthy participants with simulated LLI of 0-4 cm were analyzed while walking with an inertial sensor system (MyoMotion). Statistical evaluation of the peak anatomical angles of the spine and legs were performed using repeated measurement (RM) ANOVA or their non-parametric test versions (Friedman test). Results Lumbar lateral flexion and pelvic obliquity increased during the stance phase of the elongated leg and decreased during its swing phase. The longer limb was functionally shortened by higher hip and knee flexion, higher hip adduction, dorsiflexion, and lower ankle adduction. Finally, the shorter leg was lengthened by higher hip and knee extension, hip abduction, ankle plantarflexion, and decreased hip adduction. Conclusion We found differing compensation strategies between the different joints, movement planes, gait phases, and amounts of inequality. Overall the shorter leg is lengthened and the longer leg is shortened during walking, to retain the upright posture of the trunk. IMUs were helpful and precise in the detection of anatomical joint angles and for the analysis of the effects of LLI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:30:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6207b5dfca24cfa88ca5edbc9004ef5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1749-799X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:30:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6207b5dfca24cfa88ca5edbc9004ef52022-12-22T01:57:36ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2021-02-0116111110.1186/s13018-021-02212-zInertial measurement units for the detection of the effects of simulated leg length inequalitiesHannah Lena Siebers0Jörg Eschweiler1Valentin M. Quack2Markus Tingart3Marcel Betsch4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH AachenDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH AachenDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH AachenDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH AachenUniversity of Toronto Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Program (UTOSM), Women’s College HospitalAbstract Background Leg length inequalities (LLI) are a common condition that can be associated with detrimental effects like low back pain and osteoarthritis. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer the chance to analyze daily activities outside a laboratory. Analyzing the kinematic effects of (simulated) LLI on the musculoskeletal apparatus using IMUs will show their potentiality to improve the comprehension of LLI. Methods Twenty healthy participants with simulated LLI of 0-4 cm were analyzed while walking with an inertial sensor system (MyoMotion). Statistical evaluation of the peak anatomical angles of the spine and legs were performed using repeated measurement (RM) ANOVA or their non-parametric test versions (Friedman test). Results Lumbar lateral flexion and pelvic obliquity increased during the stance phase of the elongated leg and decreased during its swing phase. The longer limb was functionally shortened by higher hip and knee flexion, higher hip adduction, dorsiflexion, and lower ankle adduction. Finally, the shorter leg was lengthened by higher hip and knee extension, hip abduction, ankle plantarflexion, and decreased hip adduction. Conclusion We found differing compensation strategies between the different joints, movement planes, gait phases, and amounts of inequality. Overall the shorter leg is lengthened and the longer leg is shortened during walking, to retain the upright posture of the trunk. IMUs were helpful and precise in the detection of anatomical joint angles and for the analysis of the effects of LLI.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02212-zGait analysisLeg length differenceJoint anglesCompensation |
| spellingShingle | Hannah Lena Siebers Jörg Eschweiler Valentin M. Quack Markus Tingart Marcel Betsch Inertial measurement units for the detection of the effects of simulated leg length inequalities Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research Gait analysis Leg length difference Joint angles Compensation |
| title | Inertial measurement units for the detection of the effects of simulated leg length inequalities |
| title_full | Inertial measurement units for the detection of the effects of simulated leg length inequalities |
| title_fullStr | Inertial measurement units for the detection of the effects of simulated leg length inequalities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inertial measurement units for the detection of the effects of simulated leg length inequalities |
| title_short | Inertial measurement units for the detection of the effects of simulated leg length inequalities |
| title_sort | inertial measurement units for the detection of the effects of simulated leg length inequalities |
| topic | Gait analysis Leg length difference Joint angles Compensation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02212-z |
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