Achieving immunization agenda 2030 coverage targets for 14 pathogens: Projected product and immunization delivery costs for 194 Countries, 2021–2030
Understanding the level of investment needed for the next decade is vital to achieve the goal of Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). Through the immunization funder perspective, this study estimates both global and regional economic resources required to achieve IA2030 coverage among 194 WHO member c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccine: X |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136222001164 |
| _version_ | 1797853881668993024 |
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| author | Salin Sriudomporn Elizabeth Watts So Yoon Sim Raymond Hutubessy Bryan Patenaude |
| author_facet | Salin Sriudomporn Elizabeth Watts So Yoon Sim Raymond Hutubessy Bryan Patenaude |
| author_sort | Salin Sriudomporn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding the level of investment needed for the next decade is vital to achieve the goal of Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). Through the immunization funder perspective, this study estimates both global and regional economic resources required to achieve IA2030 coverage among 194 WHO member countries from 2021 to 2030, against 14 pathogens: Hepatitis B (Hep B), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Human papillomavirus (HPV), Japanese encephalitis (JE), Measles, Meningitis A (Men A), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Rotavirus, Rubella, Yellow Fever (YF), Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Tuberculosis.The total cost of immunization program, routine vaccine, routine delivery, and non-routine costs (SIA and stockpile) were estimated using WHO coverage forecast for IA2030. Incremental costs of achieving IA2030 for all vaccines and cost per immunized child were also assessed. All costs were calculated for each income and regional level, as well as global level. Scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to account for uncertainty in future vaccine pricing and delivery costs.The total cost of immunization programs is $269.8 billion (95% confidence interval: $247.1 - $311.8), of which $152.8 billion is considered as routine vaccine cost, $114.9 billion is routine delivery cost. Non– routine cost for LICs and LMICs totaled $2.1 billion. The incremental cost of achieving coverage goals after 2020 is $89.9 billion ($27.7-$110.1), with upper-middle income countries requiring the largest increase in investment (56.2% of incremental costs). The average immunization cost per child across all countries is $192.6. Scenario analysis using the minimum and maximum vaccines price for fully self-financing countries resulted in total costs ranging from $193.6 and $552.2 billion.The immunization program cost among 194 WHO member countries is expected to increase during this decade. The strategy for resource mobilization and increasing investment from country governments and donors are essential to achieving IA2030 coverage and ensuring sustainable immunization programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:57:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d622c215632f42ef9b790cca419f9651 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1362 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:57:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccine: X |
| spelling | doaj.art-d622c215632f42ef9b790cca419f96512023-04-03T05:22:56ZengElsevierVaccine: X2590-13622023-04-0113100256Achieving immunization agenda 2030 coverage targets for 14 pathogens: Projected product and immunization delivery costs for 194 Countries, 2021–2030Salin Sriudomporn0Elizabeth Watts1So Yoon Sim2Raymond Hutubessy3Bryan Patenaude4International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Corresponding author at: 415 N Washington St., Baltimore, MD 20231, USA.Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USAImmunization Analysis & Insights (IAI) unit, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, Geneva, SwitzerlandImmunization Analysis & Insights (IAI) unit, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, Geneva, SwitzerlandInternational Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USAUnderstanding the level of investment needed for the next decade is vital to achieve the goal of Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). Through the immunization funder perspective, this study estimates both global and regional economic resources required to achieve IA2030 coverage among 194 WHO member countries from 2021 to 2030, against 14 pathogens: Hepatitis B (Hep B), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Human papillomavirus (HPV), Japanese encephalitis (JE), Measles, Meningitis A (Men A), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Rotavirus, Rubella, Yellow Fever (YF), Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Tuberculosis.The total cost of immunization program, routine vaccine, routine delivery, and non-routine costs (SIA and stockpile) were estimated using WHO coverage forecast for IA2030. Incremental costs of achieving IA2030 for all vaccines and cost per immunized child were also assessed. All costs were calculated for each income and regional level, as well as global level. Scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to account for uncertainty in future vaccine pricing and delivery costs.The total cost of immunization programs is $269.8 billion (95% confidence interval: $247.1 - $311.8), of which $152.8 billion is considered as routine vaccine cost, $114.9 billion is routine delivery cost. Non– routine cost for LICs and LMICs totaled $2.1 billion. The incremental cost of achieving coverage goals after 2020 is $89.9 billion ($27.7-$110.1), with upper-middle income countries requiring the largest increase in investment (56.2% of incremental costs). The average immunization cost per child across all countries is $192.6. Scenario analysis using the minimum and maximum vaccines price for fully self-financing countries resulted in total costs ranging from $193.6 and $552.2 billion.The immunization program cost among 194 WHO member countries is expected to increase during this decade. The strategy for resource mobilization and increasing investment from country governments and donors are essential to achieving IA2030 coverage and ensuring sustainable immunization programs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136222001164VaccineImmunisationEconomicsCostInvestment |
| spellingShingle | Salin Sriudomporn Elizabeth Watts So Yoon Sim Raymond Hutubessy Bryan Patenaude Achieving immunization agenda 2030 coverage targets for 14 pathogens: Projected product and immunization delivery costs for 194 Countries, 2021–2030 Vaccine: X Vaccine Immunisation Economics Cost Investment |
| title | Achieving immunization agenda 2030 coverage targets for 14 pathogens: Projected product and immunization delivery costs for 194 Countries, 2021–2030 |
| title_full | Achieving immunization agenda 2030 coverage targets for 14 pathogens: Projected product and immunization delivery costs for 194 Countries, 2021–2030 |
| title_fullStr | Achieving immunization agenda 2030 coverage targets for 14 pathogens: Projected product and immunization delivery costs for 194 Countries, 2021–2030 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Achieving immunization agenda 2030 coverage targets for 14 pathogens: Projected product and immunization delivery costs for 194 Countries, 2021–2030 |
| title_short | Achieving immunization agenda 2030 coverage targets for 14 pathogens: Projected product and immunization delivery costs for 194 Countries, 2021–2030 |
| title_sort | achieving immunization agenda 2030 coverage targets for 14 pathogens projected product and immunization delivery costs for 194 countries 2021 2030 |
| topic | Vaccine Immunisation Economics Cost Investment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136222001164 |
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