Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cultures on Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Scaffolds
Due to its versatility, small size, large surface area, and ability to interact with biological cells and tissues, graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent filler for various polymeric composites and is frequently used to expand their functionality. Even though the major advantage of the incorporation of...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/13/2991 |
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| author | Katarzyna Krukiewicz David Putzer Nicole Stuendl Birgit Lohberger Firas Awaja |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Krukiewicz David Putzer Nicole Stuendl Birgit Lohberger Firas Awaja |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Krukiewicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to its versatility, small size, large surface area, and ability to interact with biological cells and tissues, graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent filler for various polymeric composites and is frequently used to expand their functionality. Even though the major advantage of the incorporation of GO is the enhancement of mechanical properties of the composite material, GO is also known to improve bioactivity during biomineralization and promote osteoblast adhesion. In this study, we described the fabrication of a composite bone cement made of GO and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and we investigated its potential to enhance osteogenic differentiation of human primary mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. Through the analysis of three differentiation markers, namely alkaline phosphatase, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the presence and in the absence of an osteogenic differentiation medium, we were able to indicate a composite produced manually with a thick GO paper as the most effective among all investigated samples. This effect was related to its developed surface, possessing a significant number of voids and pores. In this way, GO/PMMA composites were shown as promising materials for the applications in bone tissue engineering. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:40:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d628ce5ae1c846e8988b1a54c077b8db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:40:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-d628ce5ae1c846e8988b1a54c077b8db2023-11-20T05:53:34ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-07-011313299110.3390/ma13132991Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cultures on Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite ScaffoldsKatarzyna Krukiewicz0David Putzer1Nicole Stuendl2Birgit Lohberger3Firas Awaja4Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, PolandExperimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, AustriaDepartment of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, AustriaSchool of Medicine, National University of Ireland, H91 CF50 Galway, IrelandDue to its versatility, small size, large surface area, and ability to interact with biological cells and tissues, graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent filler for various polymeric composites and is frequently used to expand their functionality. Even though the major advantage of the incorporation of GO is the enhancement of mechanical properties of the composite material, GO is also known to improve bioactivity during biomineralization and promote osteoblast adhesion. In this study, we described the fabrication of a composite bone cement made of GO and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and we investigated its potential to enhance osteogenic differentiation of human primary mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. Through the analysis of three differentiation markers, namely alkaline phosphatase, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the presence and in the absence of an osteogenic differentiation medium, we were able to indicate a composite produced manually with a thick GO paper as the most effective among all investigated samples. This effect was related to its developed surface, possessing a significant number of voids and pores. In this way, GO/PMMA composites were shown as promising materials for the applications in bone tissue engineering.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/13/2991bone regenerationgraphene oxidemesenchymal stem and progenitor cellsosteogenic differentiationpoly(methyl methacrylate) |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Krukiewicz David Putzer Nicole Stuendl Birgit Lohberger Firas Awaja Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cultures on Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Scaffolds Materials bone regeneration graphene oxide mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells osteogenic differentiation poly(methyl methacrylate) |
| title | Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cultures on Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Scaffolds |
| title_full | Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cultures on Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Scaffolds |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cultures on Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Scaffolds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cultures on Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Scaffolds |
| title_short | Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cultures on Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Scaffolds |
| title_sort | enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human primary mesenchymal stem and progenitor cultures on graphene oxide poly methyl methacrylate composite scaffolds |
| topic | bone regeneration graphene oxide mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells osteogenic differentiation poly(methyl methacrylate) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/13/2991 |
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