Recycled Wastewater and Reverse Osmosis Brine Use for Halophytes Irrigation: Differences in Physiological, Nutritional and Hormonal Responses of <i>Crithmum maritimum</i> and <i>Atriplex halimus</i> Plants

Halophytes are capable of coping with excessive NaCl in their tissues, although some species may differ in their degree of salt tolerance. In addition, it is not clear whether they can tolerate other confounding factors and impurities associated with non-conventional waters. The experiment was perfo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: María José Gómez-Bellot, Beatriz Lorente, María Fernanda Ortuño, Sonia Medina, Ángel Gil-Izquierdo, Sebastián Bañón, María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-03-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/627
Description
Summary:Halophytes are capable of coping with excessive NaCl in their tissues, although some species may differ in their degree of salt tolerance. In addition, it is not clear whether they can tolerate other confounding factors and impurities associated with non-conventional waters. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse with <i>Crithmum maritimum</i> and <i>Atriplex halimus</i> plants, growing on soil and irrigated with two different water types: reclaimed wastewater (RWW) (EC: 0.8–1.2 dS m<sup>−1</sup>) and reverse osmosis brine (ROB) (EC: 4.7–7.9 dS m<sup>−1</sup>). Both species showed different physiological and nutritional responses, when they were irrigated with ROB. <i>Atriplex</i> plants reduced leaf water potential and maintained leaf turgor as consequence of an osmotic adjustment process. <i>Atriplex</i> showed higher intrinsic water use efficiency than <i>Crithmum</i>, regardless of the type of water used. In <i>Crithmum</i>, the water status and photosynthetic efficiency were similar in both treatments. <i>Crithmum</i> presented a higher leaf accumulation of B and Ca ions, while <i>Atriplex</i> a higher amount of K, Mg, Na and Zn. <i>Crithmum</i> plants irrigated with ROB presented higher concentrations of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and trans-zeatin-glucoside, whereas abscisic acid concentration was lower. <i>Atriplex</i> showed a lower concentration of trans-zeatin-riboside and scopoletin. The characteristics associated to water irrigation did not influence negatively the development of any of these species, which confirms the use of brine as an alternative to irrigate them with conventional waters.
ISSN:2073-4395