SPEECHLESS and MUTE Mediate Feedback Regulation of Signal Transduction during Stomatal Development
Stomatal density, spacing, and patterning greatly influence the efficiency of gas exchange, photosynthesis, and water economy. They are regulated by a complex of extracellular and intracellular factors through the signaling pathways. After binding the extracellular epidermal patterning factor 1 (EPF...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/3/432 |
| _version_ | 1797395399391051776 |
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| author | Abdul Wakeel Lin Wang Ming Xu |
| author_facet | Abdul Wakeel Lin Wang Ming Xu |
| author_sort | Abdul Wakeel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stomatal density, spacing, and patterning greatly influence the efficiency of gas exchange, photosynthesis, and water economy. They are regulated by a complex of extracellular and intracellular factors through the signaling pathways. After binding the extracellular epidermal patterning factor 1 (EPF1) and 2 (EPF2) as ligands, the receptor-ligand complexes activate by phosphorylation through the MAP-kinase cascades, regulating basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE, and FAMA. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways running within the transition of the protodermal cell into a pair of guard cells with a space (aperture) between them, called a stoma, comprising asymmetric and symmetric cell divisions and draw several functional models. The feedback mechanisms involving the bHLH factors SPCH and MUTE are not fully recognized yet. We show the feedback mechanisms driven by SPCH and MUTE in the regulation of EPF2 and the ERECTA family. Intersections of the molecular mechanisms for fate determination of stomatal lineage cells with the role of core cell cycle-related genes and stabilization of SPCH and MUTE are also reported. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:34:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d64c55dd3447431582eddd6a3dd195e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:34:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-d64c55dd3447431582eddd6a3dd195e72023-12-11T18:16:56ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-02-0110343210.3390/plants10030432SPEECHLESS and MUTE Mediate Feedback Regulation of Signal Transduction during Stomatal DevelopmentAbdul Wakeel0Lin Wang1Ming Xu2Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaStomatal density, spacing, and patterning greatly influence the efficiency of gas exchange, photosynthesis, and water economy. They are regulated by a complex of extracellular and intracellular factors through the signaling pathways. After binding the extracellular epidermal patterning factor 1 (EPF1) and 2 (EPF2) as ligands, the receptor-ligand complexes activate by phosphorylation through the MAP-kinase cascades, regulating basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE, and FAMA. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways running within the transition of the protodermal cell into a pair of guard cells with a space (aperture) between them, called a stoma, comprising asymmetric and symmetric cell divisions and draw several functional models. The feedback mechanisms involving the bHLH factors SPCH and MUTE are not fully recognized yet. We show the feedback mechanisms driven by SPCH and MUTE in the regulation of EPF2 and the ERECTA family. Intersections of the molecular mechanisms for fate determination of stomatal lineage cells with the role of core cell cycle-related genes and stabilization of SPCH and MUTE are also reported.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/3/432SPEECHLESSMUTEFAMAbHLHstomatal lineagestomatal development |
| spellingShingle | Abdul Wakeel Lin Wang Ming Xu SPEECHLESS and MUTE Mediate Feedback Regulation of Signal Transduction during Stomatal Development Plants SPEECHLESS MUTE FAMA bHLH stomatal lineage stomatal development |
| title | SPEECHLESS and MUTE Mediate Feedback Regulation of Signal Transduction during Stomatal Development |
| title_full | SPEECHLESS and MUTE Mediate Feedback Regulation of Signal Transduction during Stomatal Development |
| title_fullStr | SPEECHLESS and MUTE Mediate Feedback Regulation of Signal Transduction during Stomatal Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | SPEECHLESS and MUTE Mediate Feedback Regulation of Signal Transduction during Stomatal Development |
| title_short | SPEECHLESS and MUTE Mediate Feedback Regulation of Signal Transduction during Stomatal Development |
| title_sort | speechless and mute mediate feedback regulation of signal transduction during stomatal development |
| topic | SPEECHLESS MUTE FAMA bHLH stomatal lineage stomatal development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/3/432 |
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