Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT Sensor
Rock bolts, as a type of reinforcing element, are widely adopted in underground excavations and civil engineering structures. Given the importance of rock bolts, the research outlined in this paper attempts to develop a portable non-destructive evaluation method for assessing the length of installed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/444 |
| _version_ | 1828150059841093632 |
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| author | Mingzhang Luo Weijie Li Bo Wang Qingqing Fu Gangbing Song |
| author_facet | Mingzhang Luo Weijie Li Bo Wang Qingqing Fu Gangbing Song |
| author_sort | Mingzhang Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rock bolts, as a type of reinforcing element, are widely adopted in underground excavations and civil engineering structures. Given the importance of rock bolts, the research outlined in this paper attempts to develop a portable non-destructive evaluation method for assessing the length of installed rock bolts for inspection purposes. Traditionally, piezoelectric elements or hammer impacts were used to perform non-destructive evaluation of rock bolts. However, such methods suffered from many major issues, such as the weak energy generated and the requirement for permanent installation for piezoelectric elements, and the inconsistency of wave generation for hammer impact. In this paper, we proposed a portable device for the non-destructive evaluation of rock bolt conditions based on a giant magnetostrictive (GMS) actuator. The GMS actuator generates enough energy to ensure multiple reflections of the stress waves along the rock bolt and a lead zirconate titantate (PZT) sensor is used to detect the reflected waves. A new integrated procedure that involves correlation analysis, wavelet denoising, and Hilbert transform was proposed to process the multiple reflection signals to determine the length of an installed rock bolt. The experimental results from a lab test and field tests showed that, by analyzing the instant phase of the periodic reflections of the stress wave generated by the GMS transducer, the length of an embedded rock bolt can be accurately determined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:38:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d65f298a109e4c549f0e9a861669a3e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:38:51Z |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-d65f298a109e4c549f0e9a861669a3e82022-12-22T04:01:40ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202017-02-0117344410.3390/s17030444s17030444Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT SensorMingzhang Luo0Weijie Li1Bo Wang2Qingqing Fu3Gangbing Song4Electronics and Information School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USAKey Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, ChinaElectronics and Information School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USARock bolts, as a type of reinforcing element, are widely adopted in underground excavations and civil engineering structures. Given the importance of rock bolts, the research outlined in this paper attempts to develop a portable non-destructive evaluation method for assessing the length of installed rock bolts for inspection purposes. Traditionally, piezoelectric elements or hammer impacts were used to perform non-destructive evaluation of rock bolts. However, such methods suffered from many major issues, such as the weak energy generated and the requirement for permanent installation for piezoelectric elements, and the inconsistency of wave generation for hammer impact. In this paper, we proposed a portable device for the non-destructive evaluation of rock bolt conditions based on a giant magnetostrictive (GMS) actuator. The GMS actuator generates enough energy to ensure multiple reflections of the stress waves along the rock bolt and a lead zirconate titantate (PZT) sensor is used to detect the reflected waves. A new integrated procedure that involves correlation analysis, wavelet denoising, and Hilbert transform was proposed to process the multiple reflection signals to determine the length of an installed rock bolt. The experimental results from a lab test and field tests showed that, by analyzing the instant phase of the periodic reflections of the stress wave generated by the GMS transducer, the length of an embedded rock bolt can be accurately determined.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/444rock bolt monitoringdetermination of installed rock bolt lengthgiant magnetostrictive actuatorstress wave reflectioninstant phasesnon-destructive evaluation |
| spellingShingle | Mingzhang Luo Weijie Li Bo Wang Qingqing Fu Gangbing Song Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT Sensor Sensors rock bolt monitoring determination of installed rock bolt length giant magnetostrictive actuator stress wave reflection instant phases non-destructive evaluation |
| title | Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT Sensor |
| title_full | Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT Sensor |
| title_fullStr | Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT Sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT Sensor |
| title_short | Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT Sensor |
| title_sort | measurement of the length of installed rock bolt based on stress wave reflection by using a giant magnetostrictive gms actuator and a pzt sensor |
| topic | rock bolt monitoring determination of installed rock bolt length giant magnetostrictive actuator stress wave reflection instant phases non-destructive evaluation |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/444 |
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