Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage
Calbindin-D28k (CB), a calcium-binding protein, mediates diverse neuronal functions. In this study, adult gerbils were fed a normal diet (ND) or exposed to intermittent fasting (IF) for three months, and were randomly assigned to sham or ischemia operated groups. Ischemic injury was induced by trans...
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2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/644 |
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| author | Hyejin Sim Tae-Kyeong Lee Yeon Ho Yoo Ji Hyeon Ahn Dae Won Kim Bora Kim Jae-Chul Lee Joon Ha Park Soon-Sung Lim Jung-Seok Park Il Jun Kang Young-Myeong Kim Myoung Cheol Shin Jun Hwi Cho Yoonsoo Park Moo-Ho Won |
| author_facet | Hyejin Sim Tae-Kyeong Lee Yeon Ho Yoo Ji Hyeon Ahn Dae Won Kim Bora Kim Jae-Chul Lee Joon Ha Park Soon-Sung Lim Jung-Seok Park Il Jun Kang Young-Myeong Kim Myoung Cheol Shin Jun Hwi Cho Yoonsoo Park Moo-Ho Won |
| author_sort | Hyejin Sim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Calbindin-D28k (CB), a calcium-binding protein, mediates diverse neuronal functions. In this study, adult gerbils were fed a normal diet (ND) or exposed to intermittent fasting (IF) for three months, and were randomly assigned to sham or ischemia operated groups. Ischemic injury was induced by transient forebrain ischemia for 5 min. Short-term memory was examined via passive avoidance test. CB expression was investigated in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus via western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Finally, histological analysis was used to assess neuroprotection and gliosis (microgliosis and astrogliosis) in the CA1 region. Short-term memory did not vary significantly between ischemic gerbils with IF and those exposed to ND. CB expression was increased significantly in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of ischemic gerbils with IF compared with that of gerbils fed ND. However, the CB expression was significantly decreased in ischemic gerbils with IF, similarly to that of ischemic gerbils exposed to ND. The CA1 pyramidal neurons were not protected from ischemic injury in both groups, and gliosis (astrogliosis and microgliosis) was gradually increased with time after ischemia. In addition, immunoglobulin G was leaked into the CA1 parenchyma from blood vessels and gradually increased with time after ischemic insult in both groups. Taken together, our study suggests that IF for three months increases CB expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons; however, the CA1 pyramidal neurons are not protected from transient forebrain ischemia. This failure in neuroprotection may be attributed to disruption of the blood–brain barrier, which triggers gliosis after ischemic insults. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:16:25Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:16:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6677099a7734f53b33b73a4b47949c32023-12-03T12:45:34ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-0122264410.3390/ijms22020644Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G LeakageHyejin Sim0Tae-Kyeong Lee1Yeon Ho Yoo2Ji Hyeon Ahn3Dae Won Kim4Bora Kim5Jae-Chul Lee6Joon Ha Park7Soon-Sung Lim8Jung-Seok Park9Il Jun Kang10Young-Myeong Kim11Myoung Cheol Shin12Jun Hwi Cho13Yoonsoo Park14Moo-Ho Won15Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, KoreaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, KoreaDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentis try, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, KoreaDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, KoreaDepartment of Physical Education, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, KoreaDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, KoreaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, KoreaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, KoreaDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, KoreaCalbindin-D28k (CB), a calcium-binding protein, mediates diverse neuronal functions. In this study, adult gerbils were fed a normal diet (ND) or exposed to intermittent fasting (IF) for three months, and were randomly assigned to sham or ischemia operated groups. Ischemic injury was induced by transient forebrain ischemia for 5 min. Short-term memory was examined via passive avoidance test. CB expression was investigated in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus via western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Finally, histological analysis was used to assess neuroprotection and gliosis (microgliosis and astrogliosis) in the CA1 region. Short-term memory did not vary significantly between ischemic gerbils with IF and those exposed to ND. CB expression was increased significantly in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of ischemic gerbils with IF compared with that of gerbils fed ND. However, the CB expression was significantly decreased in ischemic gerbils with IF, similarly to that of ischemic gerbils exposed to ND. The CA1 pyramidal neurons were not protected from ischemic injury in both groups, and gliosis (astrogliosis and microgliosis) was gradually increased with time after ischemia. In addition, immunoglobulin G was leaked into the CA1 parenchyma from blood vessels and gradually increased with time after ischemic insult in both groups. Taken together, our study suggests that IF for three months increases CB expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons; however, the CA1 pyramidal neurons are not protected from transient forebrain ischemia. This failure in neuroprotection may be attributed to disruption of the blood–brain barrier, which triggers gliosis after ischemic insults.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/644intermittent fastingischemia-reperfusioncalcium binding proteinhippocampal CA1 regionpyramidal neurons |
| spellingShingle | Hyejin Sim Tae-Kyeong Lee Yeon Ho Yoo Ji Hyeon Ahn Dae Won Kim Bora Kim Jae-Chul Lee Joon Ha Park Soon-Sung Lim Jung-Seok Park Il Jun Kang Young-Myeong Kim Myoung Cheol Shin Jun Hwi Cho Yoonsoo Park Moo-Ho Won Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage International Journal of Molecular Sciences intermittent fasting ischemia-reperfusion calcium binding protein hippocampal CA1 region pyramidal neurons |
| title | Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage |
| title_full | Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage |
| title_fullStr | Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage |
| title_short | Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage |
| title_sort | increased calbindin d28k expression via long term alternate day fasting does not protect against ischemia reperfusion injury a focus on delayed neuronal death gliosis and immunoglobulin g leakage |
| topic | intermittent fasting ischemia-reperfusion calcium binding protein hippocampal CA1 region pyramidal neurons |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/644 |
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