Evolution and Evaluation of Aesthetic Properties in Weathering Steel Accelerated Patinas: The Role of Lepidocrocite
Weathering steels are widely used in civil engineering, architecture and contemporary art due to their mechanical properties, their enhanced resistance to atmospheric corrosion as well as their aesthetic properties. Artists and blacksmiths often apply chemical treatments to obtain the appealing colo...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/6/977 |
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| author | Ana Crespo Gloria Pérez José A. Jiménez Irene Llorente Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez Emilio Cano Iván Díaz |
| author_facet | Ana Crespo Gloria Pérez José A. Jiménez Irene Llorente Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez Emilio Cano Iván Díaz |
| author_sort | Ana Crespo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Weathering steels are widely used in civil engineering, architecture and contemporary art due to their mechanical properties, their enhanced resistance to atmospheric corrosion as well as their aesthetic properties. Artists and blacksmiths often apply chemical treatments to obtain the appealing colors of a patina in a shorter period of time. However, the development of an accelerated patina may have an effect on the final appearance and color of the surface. With the aim of evaluating differences in color and studying the evolution of the surface, eight accelerated patinas were made and exposed to the atmosphere for periods of time of up to 24 months and were compared to a natural patina. The characterization studies showed the presence of lepidocrocite on the surface. A close inspection of the X-ray diffraction patterns showed the displacement of the (020) lepidocrocite reflection and asymmetric broadening of selective lines of this phase that were associated to stacking and twins faults, respectively. These faults decrease with the exposure time and are related to a maximum at 630 nm in the reflectance spectrum and the stabilization of the b* coordinate (yellow color). The colors of the accelerated patinas differ from the natural patina at short exposure times. However, they tend to converge at longer exposure times. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:03:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d66ce68e9fa142c1a2e8cb445e7ca5ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:03:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-d66ce68e9fa142c1a2e8cb445e7ca5ed2023-11-23T17:58:15ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012022-06-0112697710.3390/met12060977Evolution and Evaluation of Aesthetic Properties in Weathering Steel Accelerated Patinas: The Role of LepidocrociteAna Crespo0Gloria Pérez1José A. Jiménez2Irene Llorente3Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez4Emilio Cano5Iván Díaz6Departamento de Espectroscopía Nuclear, Vibracional y de Medios Desordenados, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IEM, CSIC), 28006 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IETcc, CSIC), 28033 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Metalurgia Física, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CENIM, CSIC), 28040 Madrid, SpainLaboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CENIM, CSIC), 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Espectroscopía Nuclear, Vibracional y de Medios Desordenados, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IEM, CSIC), 28006 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería de Superficie, Corrosión y Durabilidad, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CENIM, CSIC), 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería de Superficie, Corrosión y Durabilidad, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CENIM, CSIC), 28040 Madrid, SpainWeathering steels are widely used in civil engineering, architecture and contemporary art due to their mechanical properties, their enhanced resistance to atmospheric corrosion as well as their aesthetic properties. Artists and blacksmiths often apply chemical treatments to obtain the appealing colors of a patina in a shorter period of time. However, the development of an accelerated patina may have an effect on the final appearance and color of the surface. With the aim of evaluating differences in color and studying the evolution of the surface, eight accelerated patinas were made and exposed to the atmosphere for periods of time of up to 24 months and were compared to a natural patina. The characterization studies showed the presence of lepidocrocite on the surface. A close inspection of the X-ray diffraction patterns showed the displacement of the (020) lepidocrocite reflection and asymmetric broadening of selective lines of this phase that were associated to stacking and twins faults, respectively. These faults decrease with the exposure time and are related to a maximum at 630 nm in the reflectance spectrum and the stabilization of the b* coordinate (yellow color). The colors of the accelerated patinas differ from the natural patina at short exposure times. However, they tend to converge at longer exposure times.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/6/977weathering steelsculpturecorrosioncolorcontemporary artconservation-restoration |
| spellingShingle | Ana Crespo Gloria Pérez José A. Jiménez Irene Llorente Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez Emilio Cano Iván Díaz Evolution and Evaluation of Aesthetic Properties in Weathering Steel Accelerated Patinas: The Role of Lepidocrocite Metals weathering steel sculpture corrosion color contemporary art conservation-restoration |
| title | Evolution and Evaluation of Aesthetic Properties in Weathering Steel Accelerated Patinas: The Role of Lepidocrocite |
| title_full | Evolution and Evaluation of Aesthetic Properties in Weathering Steel Accelerated Patinas: The Role of Lepidocrocite |
| title_fullStr | Evolution and Evaluation of Aesthetic Properties in Weathering Steel Accelerated Patinas: The Role of Lepidocrocite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution and Evaluation of Aesthetic Properties in Weathering Steel Accelerated Patinas: The Role of Lepidocrocite |
| title_short | Evolution and Evaluation of Aesthetic Properties in Weathering Steel Accelerated Patinas: The Role of Lepidocrocite |
| title_sort | evolution and evaluation of aesthetic properties in weathering steel accelerated patinas the role of lepidocrocite |
| topic | weathering steel sculpture corrosion color contemporary art conservation-restoration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/6/977 |
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