Hyponatremia—Long-Term Prognostic Factor for Nonfatal Pulmonary Embolism

Over recent years, studies have shown that in patients with left-sided heart failure, arterial hypertension, and acute coronary syndrome, hyponatremia is a negative prognostic factor. In this context, there is raising interest in the association between hyponatremia and pulmonary embolism (PE). This...

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Main Authors: Anca Ouatu, Madalina Stefana Mihai, Daniela Maria Tanase, Cristina Gena Dascalu, Nicoleta Dima, Lacramioara Ionela Serban, Ciprian Rezus, Mariana Floria
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/2/214
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author Anca Ouatu
Madalina Stefana Mihai
Daniela Maria Tanase
Cristina Gena Dascalu
Nicoleta Dima
Lacramioara Ionela Serban
Ciprian Rezus
Mariana Floria
author_facet Anca Ouatu
Madalina Stefana Mihai
Daniela Maria Tanase
Cristina Gena Dascalu
Nicoleta Dima
Lacramioara Ionela Serban
Ciprian Rezus
Mariana Floria
author_sort Anca Ouatu
collection DOAJ
description Over recent years, studies have shown that in patients with left-sided heart failure, arterial hypertension, and acute coronary syndrome, hyponatremia is a negative prognostic factor. In this context, there is raising interest in the association between hyponatremia and pulmonary embolism (PE). This retrospective cohort study includes 404 consecutive patients with confirmed acute nonfatal pulmonary embolism divided into four groups according to their sodium fluctuation pattern. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and determining the recurrence rate among patients with nonfatal PE using serum sodium levels as a continuous variable. Patients with acquired and persistent hyponatremia had a significantly higher rate of mortality rate than those in the normonatremia group (12.8% and 40.4%, OR- 7.206, CI: 2.383–21.791, <i>p</i> = 0.000 and OR-33.250, CI: 11.521–95.960, <i>p</i> = 0.000 vs. 2%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Mean survival time decreases from 23.624 months (95% CI: (23.295–23.953)) in the normonatremia group to 16.426 months (95% CI: (13.17–19.134)) in the persistent hyponatremia group, statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.000). The mean survival time for all patients was 22.441 months (95% CI: (21.930–22.951)). The highest recurrence rate was recorded at 12 and 24 months in the acquired hyponatremia group (16.7% and 14.1%, respectively). Serum sodium determination is a simple and cost-effective approach in evaluating the short and long-term prognosis in patients with acute PE.
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spelling doaj.art-d66d9448d17348dbbe19c6255a1c50f22023-12-03T11:59:07ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182021-02-0111221410.3390/diagnostics11020214Hyponatremia—Long-Term Prognostic Factor for Nonfatal Pulmonary EmbolismAnca Ouatu0Madalina Stefana Mihai1Daniela Maria Tanase2Cristina Gena Dascalu3Nicoleta Dima4Lacramioara Ionela Serban5Ciprian Rezus6Mariana Floria7Faculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Iași County “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, RomaniaFaculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaOver recent years, studies have shown that in patients with left-sided heart failure, arterial hypertension, and acute coronary syndrome, hyponatremia is a negative prognostic factor. In this context, there is raising interest in the association between hyponatremia and pulmonary embolism (PE). This retrospective cohort study includes 404 consecutive patients with confirmed acute nonfatal pulmonary embolism divided into four groups according to their sodium fluctuation pattern. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and determining the recurrence rate among patients with nonfatal PE using serum sodium levels as a continuous variable. Patients with acquired and persistent hyponatremia had a significantly higher rate of mortality rate than those in the normonatremia group (12.8% and 40.4%, OR- 7.206, CI: 2.383–21.791, <i>p</i> = 0.000 and OR-33.250, CI: 11.521–95.960, <i>p</i> = 0.000 vs. 2%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Mean survival time decreases from 23.624 months (95% CI: (23.295–23.953)) in the normonatremia group to 16.426 months (95% CI: (13.17–19.134)) in the persistent hyponatremia group, statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.000). The mean survival time for all patients was 22.441 months (95% CI: (21.930–22.951)). The highest recurrence rate was recorded at 12 and 24 months in the acquired hyponatremia group (16.7% and 14.1%, respectively). Serum sodium determination is a simple and cost-effective approach in evaluating the short and long-term prognosis in patients with acute PE.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/2/214hyponatremiapulmonary embolism (PE)prognostic factor
spellingShingle Anca Ouatu
Madalina Stefana Mihai
Daniela Maria Tanase
Cristina Gena Dascalu
Nicoleta Dima
Lacramioara Ionela Serban
Ciprian Rezus
Mariana Floria
Hyponatremia—Long-Term Prognostic Factor for Nonfatal Pulmonary Embolism
Diagnostics
hyponatremia
pulmonary embolism (PE)
prognostic factor
title Hyponatremia—Long-Term Prognostic Factor for Nonfatal Pulmonary Embolism
title_full Hyponatremia—Long-Term Prognostic Factor for Nonfatal Pulmonary Embolism
title_fullStr Hyponatremia—Long-Term Prognostic Factor for Nonfatal Pulmonary Embolism
title_full_unstemmed Hyponatremia—Long-Term Prognostic Factor for Nonfatal Pulmonary Embolism
title_short Hyponatremia—Long-Term Prognostic Factor for Nonfatal Pulmonary Embolism
title_sort hyponatremia long term prognostic factor for nonfatal pulmonary embolism
topic hyponatremia
pulmonary embolism (PE)
prognostic factor
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/2/214
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