Gray (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> x <i>O. aureus</i>) and Red (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection
Tilapia is the second most farmed fish species after carp in the world. However, the production has come under threat due to emerging diseases such as tilapia lake virus (TiLV) that causes massive mortalities with high economic losses. It is largely unknown whether different tilapia strains are equa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-09-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/893 |
| _version_ | 1819278355765133312 |
|---|---|
| author | Kizito Kahoza Mugimba Shlomit Tal Saurabh Dubey Stephen Mutoloki Arnon Dishon Øystein Evensen Hetron M. Munang’andu |
| author_facet | Kizito Kahoza Mugimba Shlomit Tal Saurabh Dubey Stephen Mutoloki Arnon Dishon Øystein Evensen Hetron M. Munang’andu |
| author_sort | Kizito Kahoza Mugimba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tilapia is the second most farmed fish species after carp in the world. However, the production has come under threat due to emerging diseases such as tilapia lake virus (TiLV) that causes massive mortalities with high economic losses. It is largely unknown whether different tilapia strains are equally susceptible to TiLV infection. In the present study we compared the susceptibility of gray (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> x <i>O. aureus</i>) and red tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) to experimental TiLV infection. Virus was injected intraperitoneally at a concentration of 10<sup>4</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL. Our findings show that gray tilapia had a lower mortality, 86.44%, but statistically not significantly different (<i>p</i> = 0.068) from red tilapia (100%). The duration of the mortality period from onset to cessation was similar for the two species, starting at 2−3 days post challenge (dpc) with a median at 10−11 dpi and ending on 20−22 dpi. In addition, there was no difference between species in mean viral loads in brain, liver and headkidney from fish collected soon after death. As for host response, expression levels of IL-1β and TNFα were equally high in brain and headkidney samples while levels in liver samples were low for both red and gray tilapia, which coincides with lower viral loads in liver compared to brain and headkidney for both species. We find that red and gray tilapia were equally susceptible to TiLV infection with similar post challenge mortality levels, equal virus concentration in target organs and similar proinflammatory cytokine responses in target and lymphoid organs at time of death. Nonetheless, we advocate that the search for less susceptible tilapia strains should continue with the view to reduce losses from TiLV infection in aquaculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T00:10:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d671e0f0396e4315b7201f9d716134fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T00:10:42Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-d671e0f0396e4315b7201f9d716134fe2022-12-21T17:24:53ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-09-01111089310.3390/v11100893v11100893Gray (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> x <i>O. aureus</i>) and Red (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus InfectionKizito Kahoza Mugimba0Shlomit Tal1Saurabh Dubey2Stephen Mutoloki3Arnon Dishon4Øystein Evensen5Hetron M. Munang’andu6Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, Dep NO-0102, 1430 Ås Oslo, NorwayPhibro Animal Health Corporation, R&D Vaccines, Ha’melacha St. 3, POB 489, West Industrial Zone, Beit-Shemesh 99100, IsraelDepartment of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, Dep NO-0102, 1430 Ås Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, Dep NO-0102, 1430 Ås Oslo, NorwayPhibro Animal Health Corporation, R&D Vaccines, Ha’melacha St. 3, POB 489, West Industrial Zone, Beit-Shemesh 99100, IsraelDepartment of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, Dep NO-0102, 1430 Ås Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, Dep NO-0102, 1430 Ås Oslo, NorwayTilapia is the second most farmed fish species after carp in the world. However, the production has come under threat due to emerging diseases such as tilapia lake virus (TiLV) that causes massive mortalities with high economic losses. It is largely unknown whether different tilapia strains are equally susceptible to TiLV infection. In the present study we compared the susceptibility of gray (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> x <i>O. aureus</i>) and red tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) to experimental TiLV infection. Virus was injected intraperitoneally at a concentration of 10<sup>4</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL. Our findings show that gray tilapia had a lower mortality, 86.44%, but statistically not significantly different (<i>p</i> = 0.068) from red tilapia (100%). The duration of the mortality period from onset to cessation was similar for the two species, starting at 2−3 days post challenge (dpc) with a median at 10−11 dpi and ending on 20−22 dpi. In addition, there was no difference between species in mean viral loads in brain, liver and headkidney from fish collected soon after death. As for host response, expression levels of IL-1β and TNFα were equally high in brain and headkidney samples while levels in liver samples were low for both red and gray tilapia, which coincides with lower viral loads in liver compared to brain and headkidney for both species. We find that red and gray tilapia were equally susceptible to TiLV infection with similar post challenge mortality levels, equal virus concentration in target organs and similar proinflammatory cytokine responses in target and lymphoid organs at time of death. Nonetheless, we advocate that the search for less susceptible tilapia strains should continue with the view to reduce losses from TiLV infection in aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/893tilapia lake virusred tilapiagray tilapiaIL-1βTNFα |
| spellingShingle | Kizito Kahoza Mugimba Shlomit Tal Saurabh Dubey Stephen Mutoloki Arnon Dishon Øystein Evensen Hetron M. Munang’andu Gray (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> x <i>O. aureus</i>) and Red (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection Viruses tilapia lake virus red tilapia gray tilapia IL-1β TNFα |
| title | Gray (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> x <i>O. aureus</i>) and Red (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection |
| title_full | Gray (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> x <i>O. aureus</i>) and Red (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection |
| title_fullStr | Gray (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> x <i>O. aureus</i>) and Red (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gray (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> x <i>O. aureus</i>) and Red (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection |
| title_short | Gray (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> x <i>O. aureus</i>) and Red (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection |
| title_sort | gray i oreochromis niloticus i x i o aureus i and red i oreochromis i spp tilapia show equal susceptibility and proinflammatory cytokine responses to experimental tilapia lake virus infection |
| topic | tilapia lake virus red tilapia gray tilapia IL-1β TNFα |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/893 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kizitokahozamugimba grayioreochromisniloticusixioaureusiandredioreochromisispptilapiashowequalsusceptibilityandproinflammatorycytokineresponsestoexperimentaltilapialakevirusinfection AT shlomittal grayioreochromisniloticusixioaureusiandredioreochromisispptilapiashowequalsusceptibilityandproinflammatorycytokineresponsestoexperimentaltilapialakevirusinfection AT saurabhdubey grayioreochromisniloticusixioaureusiandredioreochromisispptilapiashowequalsusceptibilityandproinflammatorycytokineresponsestoexperimentaltilapialakevirusinfection AT stephenmutoloki grayioreochromisniloticusixioaureusiandredioreochromisispptilapiashowequalsusceptibilityandproinflammatorycytokineresponsestoexperimentaltilapialakevirusinfection AT arnondishon grayioreochromisniloticusixioaureusiandredioreochromisispptilapiashowequalsusceptibilityandproinflammatorycytokineresponsestoexperimentaltilapialakevirusinfection AT øysteinevensen grayioreochromisniloticusixioaureusiandredioreochromisispptilapiashowequalsusceptibilityandproinflammatorycytokineresponsestoexperimentaltilapialakevirusinfection AT hetronmmunangandu grayioreochromisniloticusixioaureusiandredioreochromisispptilapiashowequalsusceptibilityandproinflammatorycytokineresponsestoexperimentaltilapialakevirusinfection |