Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects
Abstract Background Neuroinflammation has been suggested as a contributor to the pathophysiology of depression; however, large case–control studies investigating cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with recent-onset depression by multiplex analyses are missing. Methods An...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-023-02757-2 |
| _version_ | 1797849929551446016 |
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| author | Nina Vindegaard Sørensen Nis Borbye-Lorenzen Rune Haubo Bojesen Christensen Sonja Orlovska-Waast Rose Jeppesen Kristin Skogstrand Michael Eriksen Benros |
| author_facet | Nina Vindegaard Sørensen Nis Borbye-Lorenzen Rune Haubo Bojesen Christensen Sonja Orlovska-Waast Rose Jeppesen Kristin Skogstrand Michael Eriksen Benros |
| author_sort | Nina Vindegaard Sørensen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Neuroinflammation has been suggested as a contributor to the pathophysiology of depression; however, large case–control studies investigating cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with recent-onset depression by multiplex analyses are missing. Methods An individually matched (sex and age) prospective case–control study comparing patients with recent-onset depression to healthy controls. CSF was analyzed with the Mesoscale V-PLEX Neuroinflammation Panel 1. Outcomes: comparisons of analyte levels in the CSF between groups with interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 as primary outcomes and 23 other cytokines as secondary outcomes. Results We included 106 patients (84.0% outpatients) with recent-onset depression and 106 healthy controls. There were no significant differences in the primary outcomes IL-6 (relative mean difference (MD): 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.30; p = 0.276) or IL-8 levels (MD: 1.05; 95% CI 0.96–1.16; p = 0.249) relative to healthy controls. IL-4 was 40% higher (MD: 1.40; 95% CI 1.14–1.72; p = 0.001), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 was 25% higher (MD: 1.25; 95% CI 1.06–1.47; p = 0.009) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β was 16% higher (MD: 1.16; 95% CI 1.02–1.33; p = 0.025) in patients with depression relative to healthy controls. However, only IL-4 was significantly elevated after correction for multiple testing of secondary outcomes (p = 0.025). Conclusion We found no significant differences in CSF levels of the co-primary outcomes IL-6 and IL-8, however, the higher CSF levels of IL-4, MCP-1 and MIP-1β among patients with recent-onset depression compared to healthy controls indicate a potential role of these cytokines in the neuroinflammatory response to depression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:53:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6807a5b76534dc4a6f30ecb7bac5d87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-2094 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:53:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6807a5b76534dc4a6f30ecb7bac5d872023-04-09T11:22:57ZengBMCJournal of Neuroinflammation1742-20942023-04-0120111110.1186/s12974-023-02757-2Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjectsNina Vindegaard Sørensen0Nis Borbye-Lorenzen1Rune Haubo Bojesen Christensen2Sonja Orlovska-Waast3Rose Jeppesen4Kristin Skogstrand5Michael Eriksen Benros6Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University HospitalCenter for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum InstitutCopenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University HospitalCenter for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum InstitutCopenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University HospitalAbstract Background Neuroinflammation has been suggested as a contributor to the pathophysiology of depression; however, large case–control studies investigating cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with recent-onset depression by multiplex analyses are missing. Methods An individually matched (sex and age) prospective case–control study comparing patients with recent-onset depression to healthy controls. CSF was analyzed with the Mesoscale V-PLEX Neuroinflammation Panel 1. Outcomes: comparisons of analyte levels in the CSF between groups with interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 as primary outcomes and 23 other cytokines as secondary outcomes. Results We included 106 patients (84.0% outpatients) with recent-onset depression and 106 healthy controls. There were no significant differences in the primary outcomes IL-6 (relative mean difference (MD): 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.30; p = 0.276) or IL-8 levels (MD: 1.05; 95% CI 0.96–1.16; p = 0.249) relative to healthy controls. IL-4 was 40% higher (MD: 1.40; 95% CI 1.14–1.72; p = 0.001), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 was 25% higher (MD: 1.25; 95% CI 1.06–1.47; p = 0.009) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β was 16% higher (MD: 1.16; 95% CI 1.02–1.33; p = 0.025) in patients with depression relative to healthy controls. However, only IL-4 was significantly elevated after correction for multiple testing of secondary outcomes (p = 0.025). Conclusion We found no significant differences in CSF levels of the co-primary outcomes IL-6 and IL-8, however, the higher CSF levels of IL-4, MCP-1 and MIP-1β among patients with recent-onset depression compared to healthy controls indicate a potential role of these cytokines in the neuroinflammatory response to depression.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-023-02757-2DepressionImmunologyCerebrospinal fluidBiomarkersCytokinesChemokines |
| spellingShingle | Nina Vindegaard Sørensen Nis Borbye-Lorenzen Rune Haubo Bojesen Christensen Sonja Orlovska-Waast Rose Jeppesen Kristin Skogstrand Michael Eriksen Benros Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects Journal of Neuroinflammation Depression Immunology Cerebrospinal fluid Biomarkers Cytokines Chemokines |
| title | Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects |
| title_full | Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects |
| title_fullStr | Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects |
| title_short | Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects |
| title_sort | comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case control study of 106 patients with recent onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects |
| topic | Depression Immunology Cerebrospinal fluid Biomarkers Cytokines Chemokines |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-023-02757-2 |
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