Automated measurement of malaria parasitaemia among asymptomatic blood donors in Malawi using the Sysmex XN-31 analyser: could such data be used to complement national malaria surveillance in real time?
Abstract Background The recent worldwide increase in malaria cases highlights the need for renewed efforts to eliminate malaria. The World Health Organization advocates that malaria surveillance becomes a core intervention. Current methods to estimate the malaria burden rely on clinical malaria case...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04314-3 |
| _version_ | 1811335340092293120 |
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| author | Michael Kayange Bridon M’baya Talent Hwandih Jarob Saker Thérèsa L. Coetzer Marion Münster |
| author_facet | Michael Kayange Bridon M’baya Talent Hwandih Jarob Saker Thérèsa L. Coetzer Marion Münster |
| author_sort | Michael Kayange |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The recent worldwide increase in malaria cases highlights the need for renewed efforts to eliminate malaria. The World Health Organization advocates that malaria surveillance becomes a core intervention. Current methods to estimate the malaria burden rely on clinical malaria case reports and surveys of asymptomatic parasite infection mainly from children < 5 years. In this study the hypothesis was that screening blood donors for malaria parasites would provide real-time information on the asymptomatic reservoir of parasites in the adult population and mirror other surveillance data. Methods This study was conducted in Malawi, a high malaria burden country, at the Malawi Blood Transfusion Service, which collects blood units at donation sites countrywide. A secondary analysis was conducted on data obtained from a prior Sysmex XN-31 analyser malaria diagnostic evaluation study utilizing residual donor blood samples. XN-31 malaria results, donor age, sex, geographical location, and collection date, were analysed using standard statistical methods. Results The malaria parasite prevalence in blood donors was 11.6% (614/5281 samples) increasing seasonally from December (8.6%) to April (18.3%). The median age was 21 years and 45.9% of donors were from urban areas, which showed a lower prevalence compared to non-urban regions. The Central administrative region had the highest and the Northern region the lowest malaria parasite prevalence. The donors were predominantly male (80.2%), 13.1% of whom had malaria parasites, which was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than for female donors (7.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, location, and collection month were significant predictors of malaria positivity in males, whereas in females only location was significant. There was no gender difference in parasite density nor gametocyte carriage. Conclusions This study demonstrates the powerful utility of screening blood donors for malaria parasites using the XN-31, which not only improves the safety of blood transfusion, but provides valuable complementary surveillance data for malaria control, especially targeting males, who are generally excluded from periodic household surveys. Blood donations are sourced countrywide, year-round, and thus provide dynamic, real-time information on the malaria burden. Furthermore, the XN-31 identifies the asymptomatic human reservoir of infectious gametocytes, which must be targeted to eliminate malaria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:23:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d68df3373f494118af92ed6d98ef8936 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:23:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-d68df3373f494118af92ed6d98ef89362022-12-22T02:37:54ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752022-10-0121111410.1186/s12936-022-04314-3Automated measurement of malaria parasitaemia among asymptomatic blood donors in Malawi using the Sysmex XN-31 analyser: could such data be used to complement national malaria surveillance in real time?Michael Kayange0Bridon M’baya1Talent Hwandih2Jarob Saker3Thérèsa L. Coetzer4Marion Münster5National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of HealthMalawi Blood Transfusion ServiceSysmex Europe SESysmex Europe SESysmex Europe SESysmex Europe SEAbstract Background The recent worldwide increase in malaria cases highlights the need for renewed efforts to eliminate malaria. The World Health Organization advocates that malaria surveillance becomes a core intervention. Current methods to estimate the malaria burden rely on clinical malaria case reports and surveys of asymptomatic parasite infection mainly from children < 5 years. In this study the hypothesis was that screening blood donors for malaria parasites would provide real-time information on the asymptomatic reservoir of parasites in the adult population and mirror other surveillance data. Methods This study was conducted in Malawi, a high malaria burden country, at the Malawi Blood Transfusion Service, which collects blood units at donation sites countrywide. A secondary analysis was conducted on data obtained from a prior Sysmex XN-31 analyser malaria diagnostic evaluation study utilizing residual donor blood samples. XN-31 malaria results, donor age, sex, geographical location, and collection date, were analysed using standard statistical methods. Results The malaria parasite prevalence in blood donors was 11.6% (614/5281 samples) increasing seasonally from December (8.6%) to April (18.3%). The median age was 21 years and 45.9% of donors were from urban areas, which showed a lower prevalence compared to non-urban regions. The Central administrative region had the highest and the Northern region the lowest malaria parasite prevalence. The donors were predominantly male (80.2%), 13.1% of whom had malaria parasites, which was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than for female donors (7.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, location, and collection month were significant predictors of malaria positivity in males, whereas in females only location was significant. There was no gender difference in parasite density nor gametocyte carriage. Conclusions This study demonstrates the powerful utility of screening blood donors for malaria parasites using the XN-31, which not only improves the safety of blood transfusion, but provides valuable complementary surveillance data for malaria control, especially targeting males, who are generally excluded from periodic household surveys. Blood donations are sourced countrywide, year-round, and thus provide dynamic, real-time information on the malaria burden. Furthermore, the XN-31 identifies the asymptomatic human reservoir of infectious gametocytes, which must be targeted to eliminate malaria.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04314-3Malaria surveillanceAsymptomatic blood donorsMalawiXN-31Automated malaria detectionComplementary data |
| spellingShingle | Michael Kayange Bridon M’baya Talent Hwandih Jarob Saker Thérèsa L. Coetzer Marion Münster Automated measurement of malaria parasitaemia among asymptomatic blood donors in Malawi using the Sysmex XN-31 analyser: could such data be used to complement national malaria surveillance in real time? Malaria Journal Malaria surveillance Asymptomatic blood donors Malawi XN-31 Automated malaria detection Complementary data |
| title | Automated measurement of malaria parasitaemia among asymptomatic blood donors in Malawi using the Sysmex XN-31 analyser: could such data be used to complement national malaria surveillance in real time? |
| title_full | Automated measurement of malaria parasitaemia among asymptomatic blood donors in Malawi using the Sysmex XN-31 analyser: could such data be used to complement national malaria surveillance in real time? |
| title_fullStr | Automated measurement of malaria parasitaemia among asymptomatic blood donors in Malawi using the Sysmex XN-31 analyser: could such data be used to complement national malaria surveillance in real time? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Automated measurement of malaria parasitaemia among asymptomatic blood donors in Malawi using the Sysmex XN-31 analyser: could such data be used to complement national malaria surveillance in real time? |
| title_short | Automated measurement of malaria parasitaemia among asymptomatic blood donors in Malawi using the Sysmex XN-31 analyser: could such data be used to complement national malaria surveillance in real time? |
| title_sort | automated measurement of malaria parasitaemia among asymptomatic blood donors in malawi using the sysmex xn 31 analyser could such data be used to complement national malaria surveillance in real time |
| topic | Malaria surveillance Asymptomatic blood donors Malawi XN-31 Automated malaria detection Complementary data |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04314-3 |
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