Contributions of leaf distribution and leaf functions to photosynthesis and water-use efficiency from leaf to canopy in apple: A comparison of interstocks and cultivars
Grafting has been widely used in horticulture to induce dwarfing and avoid stress-derived limitations on plant growth and yield by affecting plant architecture and leaf functions. However, the respective effects on plant photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) of leaf distribution and function...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1117051/full |
| _version_ | 1797847189738749952 |
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| author | Xiaoyun Zhang Weiwei Yang Muhammad Mobeen Tahir Xilong Chen Marc Saudreau Dong Zhang Evelyne Costes |
| author_facet | Xiaoyun Zhang Weiwei Yang Muhammad Mobeen Tahir Xilong Chen Marc Saudreau Dong Zhang Evelyne Costes |
| author_sort | Xiaoyun Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Grafting has been widely used in horticulture to induce dwarfing and avoid stress-derived limitations on plant growth and yield by affecting plant architecture and leaf functions. However, the respective effects on plant photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) of leaf distribution and functions that depend on both rootstock and scion have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to (i) clarify the scion × interstock impacts on the variability of leaf photosynthetic traits and WUE, and (ii) decipher the respective effects of leaf distribution and functions on canopy photosynthesis and WUE (WUEc). Leaf gas exchange over light gradients and responses to light, CO2, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit were measured in two apple cultivars, ‘Liquan Fuji’ (‘Fuji’) and ‘Regal Gala’ (‘Gala’), grafted onto rootstocks combined with interstocks: a vigorous (VV, ‘Qinguan’), or a dwarf one (VD, M26). The 3D architecture-based RATP model was parameterized to estimate the canopy photosynthesis rate (Ac), transpiration rate (Ec), and WUEc. Then, virtual scenarios were used to compare the relative contributions of cultivar and interstock to canopy Ac, Ec, and WUEc. These scenarios changed the leaf distribution and functions of either cultivar or interstock. At the leaf scale, VD trees had significantly higher leaf nitrogen per area but a lower maximum carboxylation rate and dark respiration in both cultivars. In parallel with higher leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration in VD ‘Fuji’ and similar gs in VD ‘Gala’, VD trees showed significantly lower leaf photosynthesis rate and WUE than VV trees. However, lower leaf photosynthetic capacities in VD trees were compensated at the canopy scale, with Ac and WUEc for ‘Fuji’ significantly improved in VD trees under both sunny and cloudy conditions, and for ‘Gala’ significantly improved in VD trees under cloudy conditions compared with VV trees. Switching scenarios highlighted that ‘Gala’ leaf functions and distribution and VD leaf distributions enhanced Ac and WUEc simultaneously, irrespective of weather conditions. Up-scaling leaf gas exchange to the canopy scale by utilizing 3D architecture-based modeling and reliable measurements of tree architecture and leaf functional traits provides insights to explore the influence of genetic materials and tree management practices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:07:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d68e21c5fd04415fb191e526d8fef80d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:07:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-d68e21c5fd04415fb191e526d8fef80d2023-04-14T05:38:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-04-011410.3389/fpls.2023.11170511117051Contributions of leaf distribution and leaf functions to photosynthesis and water-use efficiency from leaf to canopy in apple: A comparison of interstocks and cultivarsXiaoyun Zhang0Weiwei Yang1Muhammad Mobeen Tahir2Xilong Chen3Marc Saudreau4Dong Zhang5Evelyne Costes6College of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, ChinaUniversité Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, ChinaUMR AGAP Institute, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, CIRAD, Equipe ‘Architecture et Floraison des Especes Fruiteres’, Montpellier, FranceGrafting has been widely used in horticulture to induce dwarfing and avoid stress-derived limitations on plant growth and yield by affecting plant architecture and leaf functions. However, the respective effects on plant photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) of leaf distribution and functions that depend on both rootstock and scion have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to (i) clarify the scion × interstock impacts on the variability of leaf photosynthetic traits and WUE, and (ii) decipher the respective effects of leaf distribution and functions on canopy photosynthesis and WUE (WUEc). Leaf gas exchange over light gradients and responses to light, CO2, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit were measured in two apple cultivars, ‘Liquan Fuji’ (‘Fuji’) and ‘Regal Gala’ (‘Gala’), grafted onto rootstocks combined with interstocks: a vigorous (VV, ‘Qinguan’), or a dwarf one (VD, M26). The 3D architecture-based RATP model was parameterized to estimate the canopy photosynthesis rate (Ac), transpiration rate (Ec), and WUEc. Then, virtual scenarios were used to compare the relative contributions of cultivar and interstock to canopy Ac, Ec, and WUEc. These scenarios changed the leaf distribution and functions of either cultivar or interstock. At the leaf scale, VD trees had significantly higher leaf nitrogen per area but a lower maximum carboxylation rate and dark respiration in both cultivars. In parallel with higher leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration in VD ‘Fuji’ and similar gs in VD ‘Gala’, VD trees showed significantly lower leaf photosynthesis rate and WUE than VV trees. However, lower leaf photosynthetic capacities in VD trees were compensated at the canopy scale, with Ac and WUEc for ‘Fuji’ significantly improved in VD trees under both sunny and cloudy conditions, and for ‘Gala’ significantly improved in VD trees under cloudy conditions compared with VV trees. Switching scenarios highlighted that ‘Gala’ leaf functions and distribution and VD leaf distributions enhanced Ac and WUEc simultaneously, irrespective of weather conditions. Up-scaling leaf gas exchange to the canopy scale by utilizing 3D architecture-based modeling and reliable measurements of tree architecture and leaf functional traits provides insights to explore the influence of genetic materials and tree management practices.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1117051/fullMalus domesticaRATP modelstomatal conductanceleaf functional traitsdwarfing interstocksvirtual scenario |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoyun Zhang Weiwei Yang Muhammad Mobeen Tahir Xilong Chen Marc Saudreau Dong Zhang Evelyne Costes Contributions of leaf distribution and leaf functions to photosynthesis and water-use efficiency from leaf to canopy in apple: A comparison of interstocks and cultivars Frontiers in Plant Science Malus domestica RATP model stomatal conductance leaf functional traits dwarfing interstocks virtual scenario |
| title | Contributions of leaf distribution and leaf functions to photosynthesis and water-use efficiency from leaf to canopy in apple: A comparison of interstocks and cultivars |
| title_full | Contributions of leaf distribution and leaf functions to photosynthesis and water-use efficiency from leaf to canopy in apple: A comparison of interstocks and cultivars |
| title_fullStr | Contributions of leaf distribution and leaf functions to photosynthesis and water-use efficiency from leaf to canopy in apple: A comparison of interstocks and cultivars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contributions of leaf distribution and leaf functions to photosynthesis and water-use efficiency from leaf to canopy in apple: A comparison of interstocks and cultivars |
| title_short | Contributions of leaf distribution and leaf functions to photosynthesis and water-use efficiency from leaf to canopy in apple: A comparison of interstocks and cultivars |
| title_sort | contributions of leaf distribution and leaf functions to photosynthesis and water use efficiency from leaf to canopy in apple a comparison of interstocks and cultivars |
| topic | Malus domestica RATP model stomatal conductance leaf functional traits dwarfing interstocks virtual scenario |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1117051/full |
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