Forced marriage in Europe: from a migration problem in a global world to the old phenomenon of gender violence / Les mariages forcés en Europe : d’un problème lié à la migration dans un monde globalisé à l’ancien phénomène de la violence de genre
Forced marriages are sometimes defined as a migration problem, other times they are explained as justified or promoted by certain religious or cultures, but they are rarely portrayed as a form of gender violence. Depending on this variety of diagnosis, there are different legal and political appro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Società Italiana di Vittimologia
2017-07-01
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| Series: | Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza |
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| Online Access: | http://www.vittimologia.it/rivista/articolo_igareda_2017-02.pdf |
| Summary: | Forced marriages are sometimes defined as a migration problem, other times they are explained as justified or promoted by
certain religious or cultures, but they are rarely portrayed as a form of gender violence. Depending on this variety of
diagnosis, there are different legal and political approaches to this issue. The most common approach in Europe is to
establish legal and political measures to control migration flows and avoid fraudulent marriages. Forced marriages are
usually considered a form of trafficking in human beings or another form of violence against women as the consequence of
European Union Directives or Conventions under the Council of Europe. Hence in national law, forced marriages become
a new crime. Victims of forced marriage rarely have access to the criminal system, and they are left in very vulnerable
situations, especially when we consider that estimates state that more than half of them are minors.
Les mariages forcés sont parfois définis comme un problème migratoire, à d’autres occasions ils sont expliqués comme s’ils
étaient justifiés ou favorisés par certaines religions ou cultures, mais ils sont rarement représentés comme une forme de
violence de genre. Compte tenu de cette diversité de situations, il existe sur ce point différentes approches, d’ordre juridique
et politique. L’approche la plus utilisée en Europe consiste à prendre des mesures visant à contrôler les flux migratoires et à
empêcher les mariages frauduleux. Les mariages forcés sont souvent considérés comme une forme de traite d’êtres humains
ou comme un autre type de violence à l’égard des femmes en conséquence des directives de l’Union européenne ou des
Conventions élaborées dans le cadre du Conseil de l'Europe. Ainsi, dans les lois nationales, les mariages forcés deviennent
un nouveau délit. Les victimes des mariages forcés ont rarement accès au système de justice pénale et sont laissées dans des
situations d'extrême vulnérabilité, un constat d’autant plus inquiétant au vu d’estimations affirmant que plus de la moitié
d'entre elles sont des enfants mineures.
I matrimoni forzati rappresentano un fenomeno che viene talvolta collegato ai problemi migratori, altre volte essi vengono
spiegati come se fossero giustificati o favoriti da alcune religioni o culture, ma raramente sono rappresentati come una forma
di violenza di genere. Tenuto conto di questa gamma di diagnosi, esistono differenti approcci, di ordine legale e politico, utili
per analizzare questo fenomeno. L’approccio più comune in Europa è quello di mettere in atto misure legali e politiche al
fine di controllare i flussi migratori e di evitare i matrimoni fraudolenti. I matrimoni forzati sono solitamente considerati
come una forma di traffico di esseri umani o come un’altra forma di violenza contro le donne conseguenza delle direttive
europee e della convenzioni del Consiglio d’Europa. In tal senso, negli ordinamenti giuridici nazionali, i matrimoni forzati
vengono previsti come un nuovo tipo di crimine. Le vittime dei matrimoni forzati raramente riescono ad avere accesso al
sistema di giustizia penale e sono lasciate sole ad affrontare situazioni di grande vulnerabilità, specialmente se si considera
che alcune stime di tipo statistico mettono in evidenza che più della metà di esse sono persone minorenni. |
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| ISSN: | 1971-033X 1971-033X |