Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from <i>Strobilanthes cusia</i> Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63
<i>Strobilanthes cusia</i> (Nees) Kuntze is a Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of respiratory virus infections. The methanol extract of <i>S. cusia</i> leaf contains chemical components such as β-sitosterol, indirubin, tryptanthrin, betulin, indigodole A...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/3/366 |
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| author | Yu-Chi Tsai Chia-Lin Lee Hung-Rong Yen Young-Sheng Chang Yu-Ping Lin Su-Hua Huang Cheng-Wen Lin |
| author_facet | Yu-Chi Tsai Chia-Lin Lee Hung-Rong Yen Young-Sheng Chang Yu-Ping Lin Su-Hua Huang Cheng-Wen Lin |
| author_sort | Yu-Chi Tsai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Strobilanthes cusia</i> (Nees) Kuntze is a Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of respiratory virus infections. The methanol extract of <i>S. cusia</i> leaf contains chemical components such as β-sitosterol, indirubin, tryptanthrin, betulin, indigodole A, and indigodole B that have diverse biological activities. However, the antiviral action of<i> S. cusia</i> leaf and its components against human coronavirus remains to be elucidated. Human coronavirus NL63 infection is frequent among immunocompromised individuals, young children, and in the elderly. This study investigated the anti-Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) activity of the methanol extract of <i>S. cusia</i> leaf and its major components. The methanol extract of<i> S. cusia</i> leaf effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) and virus yield (IC<sub>50 </sub>= 0.64 μg/mL) in HCoV-NL63-infected cells. Moreover, this extract potently inhibited the HCoV-NL63 infection in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the six components identified in the methanol extract of <i>S. cusia</i> leaf, tryptanthrin and indigodole B (5a<i>R</i>-ethyltryptanthrin) exhibited potent antiviral activity in reducing the CPE and progeny virus production. The IC<sub>50 </sub>values against virus yield were 1.52 μM and 2.60 μM for tryptanthrin and indigodole B, respectively. Different modes of time-of-addition/removal assay indicated that tryptanthrin prevented the early and late stages of HCoV-NL63 replication, particularly by blocking viral RNA genome synthesis and papain-like protease 2 activity. Notably, tryptanthrin (IC<sub>50 </sub>= 0.06 μM) and indigodole B (IC<sub>50 </sub>= 2.09 μM) exhibited strong virucidal activity as well. This study identified tryptanthrin as the key active component of <i>S. cusia</i> leaf methanol extract that acted against HCoV-NL63 in a cell-type independent manner. <i>The results specify that tryptanthrin possesses antiviral potential </i>against HCoV-NL63 infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T19:47:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6976ae1f557403b9b7525f8e447cb44 |
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| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T19:47:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6976ae1f557403b9b7525f8e447cb442022-12-21T17:33:29ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2020-02-0110336610.3390/biom10030366biom10030366Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from <i>Strobilanthes cusia</i> Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63Yu-Chi Tsai0Chia-Lin Lee1Hung-Rong Yen2Young-Sheng Chang3Yu-Ping Lin4Su-Hua Huang5Cheng-Wen Lin6PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, TaiwanDepartment of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, TaiwanChinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, TaiwanDepartment of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, TaiwanPhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan<i>Strobilanthes cusia</i> (Nees) Kuntze is a Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of respiratory virus infections. The methanol extract of <i>S. cusia</i> leaf contains chemical components such as β-sitosterol, indirubin, tryptanthrin, betulin, indigodole A, and indigodole B that have diverse biological activities. However, the antiviral action of<i> S. cusia</i> leaf and its components against human coronavirus remains to be elucidated. Human coronavirus NL63 infection is frequent among immunocompromised individuals, young children, and in the elderly. This study investigated the anti-Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) activity of the methanol extract of <i>S. cusia</i> leaf and its major components. The methanol extract of<i> S. cusia</i> leaf effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) and virus yield (IC<sub>50 </sub>= 0.64 μg/mL) in HCoV-NL63-infected cells. Moreover, this extract potently inhibited the HCoV-NL63 infection in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the six components identified in the methanol extract of <i>S. cusia</i> leaf, tryptanthrin and indigodole B (5a<i>R</i>-ethyltryptanthrin) exhibited potent antiviral activity in reducing the CPE and progeny virus production. The IC<sub>50 </sub>values against virus yield were 1.52 μM and 2.60 μM for tryptanthrin and indigodole B, respectively. Different modes of time-of-addition/removal assay indicated that tryptanthrin prevented the early and late stages of HCoV-NL63 replication, particularly by blocking viral RNA genome synthesis and papain-like protease 2 activity. Notably, tryptanthrin (IC<sub>50 </sub>= 0.06 μM) and indigodole B (IC<sub>50 </sub>= 2.09 μM) exhibited strong virucidal activity as well. This study identified tryptanthrin as the key active component of <i>S. cusia</i> leaf methanol extract that acted against HCoV-NL63 in a cell-type independent manner. <i>The results specify that tryptanthrin possesses antiviral potential </i>against HCoV-NL63 infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/3/366<i>strobilanthes cusia</i>tryptanthrinindigodole bhuman coronavirus nl63antiviralvirucidal |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Chi Tsai Chia-Lin Lee Hung-Rong Yen Young-Sheng Chang Yu-Ping Lin Su-Hua Huang Cheng-Wen Lin Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from <i>Strobilanthes cusia</i> Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63 Biomolecules <i>strobilanthes cusia</i> tryptanthrin indigodole b human coronavirus nl63 antiviral virucidal |
| title | Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from <i>Strobilanthes cusia</i> Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63 |
| title_full | Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from <i>Strobilanthes cusia</i> Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63 |
| title_fullStr | Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from <i>Strobilanthes cusia</i> Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from <i>Strobilanthes cusia</i> Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63 |
| title_short | Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from <i>Strobilanthes cusia</i> Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63 |
| title_sort | antiviral action of tryptanthrin isolated from i strobilanthes cusia i leaf against human coronavirus nl63 |
| topic | <i>strobilanthes cusia</i> tryptanthrin indigodole b human coronavirus nl63 antiviral virucidal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/3/366 |
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