The Extent of Gender Gap in Citations in Ophthalmology Literature
PurposeTo investigate the severity and causes of gender imbalance in the counts of ophthalmology citations.MethodsThe PubMed database was searched to identify cited papers that were published in four journals (Prog Retin Eye Res, Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmol, and Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci) between...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.855385/full |
| _version_ | 1811249825169014784 |
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| author | Suqi Cao Yue Xiong Wenhua Zhang Jiawei Zhou Zhifen He |
| author_facet | Suqi Cao Yue Xiong Wenhua Zhang Jiawei Zhou Zhifen He |
| author_sort | Suqi Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeTo investigate the severity and causes of gender imbalance in the counts of ophthalmology citations.MethodsThe PubMed database was searched to identify cited papers that were published in four journals (Prog Retin Eye Res, Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmol, and Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci) between August 2015 and July 2020, and those that referenced these cited papers by 2021 July (i.e., citing papers). The gender category of a given paper is defined by the gender of the first and last author (MM, FM, MF, and FF; M means male and F means female). A generalized additive model to predict the expected proportion was fitted. The difference between the observed proportion and expected proportion of citations of a paper’s gender category was the primary outcome.ResultsThe proportion of female-led (MF and FF) papers slightly increased from 27% in 2015 to 30% in 2020. MM, FM, MF, and FF papers were cited as −9.3, −1.5, 13.0, and 23.9% more than expected, respectively. MM papers cited 13.9% more male-led (MM and FM) papers than female-led papers, and FF papers cited 33.5% fewer male-led papers than female-led papers. The difference between the observed proportion and expected proportion of MM citing papers within male-led and female-led cited papers grew at a rate of 0.13 and 0.67% per year.ConclusionThe high frequency of citations of female-led papers might narrow the gender gap in the citation count within ophthalmology. These findings show that papers by female-led are less common, so the gender gap might still exist even with their high citation count. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:53:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d69d45aa621c4bdb8fe5a2b4e2865a2d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:53:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-d69d45aa621c4bdb8fe5a2b4e2865a2d2022-12-22T03:26:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2022-05-01910.3389/fmed.2022.855385855385The Extent of Gender Gap in Citations in Ophthalmology LiteratureSuqi CaoYue XiongWenhua ZhangJiawei ZhouZhifen HePurposeTo investigate the severity and causes of gender imbalance in the counts of ophthalmology citations.MethodsThe PubMed database was searched to identify cited papers that were published in four journals (Prog Retin Eye Res, Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmol, and Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci) between August 2015 and July 2020, and those that referenced these cited papers by 2021 July (i.e., citing papers). The gender category of a given paper is defined by the gender of the first and last author (MM, FM, MF, and FF; M means male and F means female). A generalized additive model to predict the expected proportion was fitted. The difference between the observed proportion and expected proportion of citations of a paper’s gender category was the primary outcome.ResultsThe proportion of female-led (MF and FF) papers slightly increased from 27% in 2015 to 30% in 2020. MM, FM, MF, and FF papers were cited as −9.3, −1.5, 13.0, and 23.9% more than expected, respectively. MM papers cited 13.9% more male-led (MM and FM) papers than female-led papers, and FF papers cited 33.5% fewer male-led papers than female-led papers. The difference between the observed proportion and expected proportion of MM citing papers within male-led and female-led cited papers grew at a rate of 0.13 and 0.67% per year.ConclusionThe high frequency of citations of female-led papers might narrow the gender gap in the citation count within ophthalmology. These findings show that papers by female-led are less common, so the gender gap might still exist even with their high citation count.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.855385/fullgenderequityophthalmologycitationgeneralized additive model |
| spellingShingle | Suqi Cao Yue Xiong Wenhua Zhang Jiawei Zhou Zhifen He The Extent of Gender Gap in Citations in Ophthalmology Literature Frontiers in Medicine gender equity ophthalmology citation generalized additive model |
| title | The Extent of Gender Gap in Citations in Ophthalmology Literature |
| title_full | The Extent of Gender Gap in Citations in Ophthalmology Literature |
| title_fullStr | The Extent of Gender Gap in Citations in Ophthalmology Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Extent of Gender Gap in Citations in Ophthalmology Literature |
| title_short | The Extent of Gender Gap in Citations in Ophthalmology Literature |
| title_sort | extent of gender gap in citations in ophthalmology literature |
| topic | gender equity ophthalmology citation generalized additive model |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.855385/full |
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