Antibiotics Modulate Intestinal Regeneration
The increased antibiotics usage in biomedical and agricultural settings has been well documented. Antibiotics have now been shown to exert effects outside their purposive use, including effects on physiological and developmental processes. We explored the effect of various antibiotics on intestinal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/3/236 |
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| author | Lymarie M. Díaz-Díaz Natalia Rosario-Meléndez Andrea Rodríguez-Villafañe Yariel Y. Figueroa-Vega Omar A. Pérez-Villafañe Angela M. Colón-Cruz Paola I. Rodríguez-Sánchez Julio M. Cuevas-Cruz Sonya J. Malavez-Cajigas Sergio M. Maldonado-Chaar José E. García-Arrarás |
| author_facet | Lymarie M. Díaz-Díaz Natalia Rosario-Meléndez Andrea Rodríguez-Villafañe Yariel Y. Figueroa-Vega Omar A. Pérez-Villafañe Angela M. Colón-Cruz Paola I. Rodríguez-Sánchez Julio M. Cuevas-Cruz Sonya J. Malavez-Cajigas Sergio M. Maldonado-Chaar José E. García-Arrarás |
| author_sort | Lymarie M. Díaz-Díaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increased antibiotics usage in biomedical and agricultural settings has been well documented. Antibiotics have now been shown to exert effects outside their purposive use, including effects on physiological and developmental processes. We explored the effect of various antibiotics on intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber <i>Holothuria glaberrima</i>. For this, holothurians were eviscerated and left to regenerate for 10 days in seawater with different penicillin/streptomycin-based cocktails (100 µg/mL PS) including: 100 µg/mL kanamycin (KPS), 5 µg/mL vancomycin (VPS), and 4 µg/mL (E4PS) or 20 µg/mL (E20PS) erythromycin. Immunohistological and histochemical analyses were performed to analyze regenerative processes, including rudiment size, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, cell proliferation, and muscle dedifferentiation. A reduction in muscle dedifferentiation was observed in all antibiotic-treated animals. ECM remodeling was decreased by VPS, E4PS, and E20PS treatments. In addition, organisms subjected to E20PS displayed a significant reduction in the size of their regenerating rudiments while VPS exposure altered cell proliferation. MTT assays were used to discard the possibility that the antibiotics directly affect holothurian metabolic activity while bacterial cultures were used to test antibiotic effects on holothurian enteric microbiota. Our results demonstrate a negative effect on intestinal regeneration and strongly suggest that these effects are due to alterations in the microbial community. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:06:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6ac8eba459b445fa99ea56535926062 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:06:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6ac8eba459b445fa99ea565359260622023-11-21T11:08:31ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-03-0110323610.3390/biology10030236Antibiotics Modulate Intestinal RegenerationLymarie M. Díaz-Díaz0Natalia Rosario-Meléndez1Andrea Rodríguez-Villafañe2Yariel Y. Figueroa-Vega3Omar A. Pérez-Villafañe4Angela M. Colón-Cruz5Paola I. Rodríguez-Sánchez6Julio M. Cuevas-Cruz7Sonya J. Malavez-Cajigas8Sergio M. Maldonado-Chaar9José E. García-Arrarás10Río Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USARío Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USARío Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USARío Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USARío Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USARío Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USARío Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USARío Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USARío Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USARío Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USARío Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USAThe increased antibiotics usage in biomedical and agricultural settings has been well documented. Antibiotics have now been shown to exert effects outside their purposive use, including effects on physiological and developmental processes. We explored the effect of various antibiotics on intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber <i>Holothuria glaberrima</i>. For this, holothurians were eviscerated and left to regenerate for 10 days in seawater with different penicillin/streptomycin-based cocktails (100 µg/mL PS) including: 100 µg/mL kanamycin (KPS), 5 µg/mL vancomycin (VPS), and 4 µg/mL (E4PS) or 20 µg/mL (E20PS) erythromycin. Immunohistological and histochemical analyses were performed to analyze regenerative processes, including rudiment size, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, cell proliferation, and muscle dedifferentiation. A reduction in muscle dedifferentiation was observed in all antibiotic-treated animals. ECM remodeling was decreased by VPS, E4PS, and E20PS treatments. In addition, organisms subjected to E20PS displayed a significant reduction in the size of their regenerating rudiments while VPS exposure altered cell proliferation. MTT assays were used to discard the possibility that the antibiotics directly affect holothurian metabolic activity while bacterial cultures were used to test antibiotic effects on holothurian enteric microbiota. Our results demonstrate a negative effect on intestinal regeneration and strongly suggest that these effects are due to alterations in the microbial community.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/3/236antibioticsintestinal regenerationsea cucumber<i>Holothuria glaberrima</i>gut microbiotatoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Lymarie M. Díaz-Díaz Natalia Rosario-Meléndez Andrea Rodríguez-Villafañe Yariel Y. Figueroa-Vega Omar A. Pérez-Villafañe Angela M. Colón-Cruz Paola I. Rodríguez-Sánchez Julio M. Cuevas-Cruz Sonya J. Malavez-Cajigas Sergio M. Maldonado-Chaar José E. García-Arrarás Antibiotics Modulate Intestinal Regeneration Biology antibiotics intestinal regeneration sea cucumber <i>Holothuria glaberrima</i> gut microbiota toxicity |
| title | Antibiotics Modulate Intestinal Regeneration |
| title_full | Antibiotics Modulate Intestinal Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Antibiotics Modulate Intestinal Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibiotics Modulate Intestinal Regeneration |
| title_short | Antibiotics Modulate Intestinal Regeneration |
| title_sort | antibiotics modulate intestinal regeneration |
| topic | antibiotics intestinal regeneration sea cucumber <i>Holothuria glaberrima</i> gut microbiota toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/3/236 |
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