Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of People with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia
This study provides epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 492 consecutive patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Saudi Arabia between March and September 2020. Data were collected from electronic case reports. The cohort was 54%...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/9/5/32 |
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| author | Fatimah S. Alhamlan Reem S. Almaghrabi Edward B. Devol Anwar B. Alotaibi Saleh M. Alageel Dalia A. Obeid Basem M. Alraddadi Sahar I. Althawadi Maysoon S. Mutabagani Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani |
| author_facet | Fatimah S. Alhamlan Reem S. Almaghrabi Edward B. Devol Anwar B. Alotaibi Saleh M. Alageel Dalia A. Obeid Basem M. Alraddadi Sahar I. Althawadi Maysoon S. Mutabagani Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani |
| author_sort | Fatimah S. Alhamlan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study provides epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 492 consecutive patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Saudi Arabia between March and September 2020. Data were collected from electronic case reports. The cohort was 54% male, with 20.4% aged >60 years, 19.9% aged 31–40 years, and 17% aged 41–50 years. The median incubation period was 16 days, with upper and lower 95% quartiles of 27 and 10 days, respectively. Most patients (79.2%) were symptomatic. Variables significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were age, blood oxygen saturation percentage, hemoglobin level, lymphocyte count, neutrophil to lymphocyte (NTL) ratio, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level. Asymptomatic patients were mostly younger, with lower body mass index and ALT and AST levels but higher lymphocyte counts, NTL ratio, and CD4, CD8, natural killer cell, IgG, and IgM levels. Factors associated with increased risk of mortality were age (>42 years) and comorbidities, particularly diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Patients who were not given an antiviral regimen were associated with better prognosis than patients who received an antiviral regimen (HR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.011–0.25). These findings will help clinicians and policymakers adopt best management and treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:27:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6b2a026c4ad4fe396747929458d00bd |
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| issn | 2305-6320 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:27:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6b2a026c4ad4fe396747929458d00bd2023-11-23T12:04:43ZengMDPI AGMedicines2305-63202022-04-01953210.3390/medicines9050032Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of People with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi ArabiaFatimah S. Alhamlan0Reem S. Almaghrabi1Edward B. Devol2Anwar B. Alotaibi3Saleh M. Alageel4Dalia A. Obeid5Basem M. Alraddadi6Sahar I. Althawadi7Maysoon S. Mutabagani8Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani9Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 11564, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi ArabiaThis study provides epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 492 consecutive patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Saudi Arabia between March and September 2020. Data were collected from electronic case reports. The cohort was 54% male, with 20.4% aged >60 years, 19.9% aged 31–40 years, and 17% aged 41–50 years. The median incubation period was 16 days, with upper and lower 95% quartiles of 27 and 10 days, respectively. Most patients (79.2%) were symptomatic. Variables significantly different between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were age, blood oxygen saturation percentage, hemoglobin level, lymphocyte count, neutrophil to lymphocyte (NTL) ratio, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level. Asymptomatic patients were mostly younger, with lower body mass index and ALT and AST levels but higher lymphocyte counts, NTL ratio, and CD4, CD8, natural killer cell, IgG, and IgM levels. Factors associated with increased risk of mortality were age (>42 years) and comorbidities, particularly diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Patients who were not given an antiviral regimen were associated with better prognosis than patients who received an antiviral regimen (HR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.011–0.25). These findings will help clinicians and policymakers adopt best management and treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/9/5/32SARS-CoV-2COVID-19epidemiologyCOVID-19 treatment regimensSaudi Arabia |
| spellingShingle | Fatimah S. Alhamlan Reem S. Almaghrabi Edward B. Devol Anwar B. Alotaibi Saleh M. Alageel Dalia A. Obeid Basem M. Alraddadi Sahar I. Althawadi Maysoon S. Mutabagani Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of People with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia Medicines SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 epidemiology COVID-19 treatment regimens Saudi Arabia |
| title | Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of People with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of People with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of People with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of People with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of People with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | epidemiology and clinical characteristics of people with confirmed sars cov 2 infection during the early covid 19 pandemic in saudi arabia |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 epidemiology COVID-19 treatment regimens Saudi Arabia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/9/5/32 |
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