The Correlation between Elevated HDL-Cholesterol, Body Mass Index, and Presence of Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective Analysis
Background: Elevated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) levels have been linked to unfavorable outcomes in various clinical settings, but the association with thyroid nodules remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the correlation between elevated HDL-cholesterol and the presence of...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/23/7411 |
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| author | Cafer Zorkun Kenan Yalta Alara Eren Ertan Yetkin |
| author_facet | Cafer Zorkun Kenan Yalta Alara Eren Ertan Yetkin |
| author_sort | Cafer Zorkun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Elevated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) levels have been linked to unfavorable outcomes in various clinical settings, but the association with thyroid nodules remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the correlation between elevated HDL-cholesterol and the presence of thyroid nodules along with certain demographic and clinical findings. Methods: In this retrospective study, the patients were divided into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI): <25, 25–29, and >30 and evaluated. Data of 677 patients aged between 15 and 95 years (52.6 ± 15.6) were evaluated. The entire study population comprised 516 females (76.2%). Results: Thyroid nodules (67.1%) and left ventricle diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) (58.1%) were the two most frequent findings in the overall cohort. In the multivariate regression model, BMI, heart rate, and HDL-cholesterol values were significant and independent predictors (<i>p</i> = 0.000 for all) of the presence of thyroid nodules. The presence of thyroid nodules is higher in females, particularly within the higher BMI groups [odds ratio (OR) = 1.048 (CI = 1.02–1.08) for BMI < 25, <i>p</i> = 0.003; OR = 1.094 (CI = 1.05–1.14) for BMI 25–29, <i>p</i> = 0.000; OR = 1.115 (CI = 1.05–1.19) for BMI ≥ 30]. This higher incidence is not observed in males. Conclusion: While the precise mechanisms underlying this association are yet to be fully elucidated, elevated HDL-cholesterol may serve as an indicator of thyroid nodules rather than a marker of cardiovascular protection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:48:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6b832fa5fad4538a3d00e7ec3d2abe4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:48:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6b832fa5fad4538a3d00e7ec3d2abe42023-12-08T15:19:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-11-011223741110.3390/jcm12237411The Correlation between Elevated HDL-Cholesterol, Body Mass Index, and Presence of Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective AnalysisCafer Zorkun0Kenan Yalta1Alara Eren2Ertan Yetkin3Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, TurkeyIstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, TurkeyCardiology Clinic, Turkiye Hospital, 34381 Istanbul, TurkeyBackground: Elevated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) levels have been linked to unfavorable outcomes in various clinical settings, but the association with thyroid nodules remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the correlation between elevated HDL-cholesterol and the presence of thyroid nodules along with certain demographic and clinical findings. Methods: In this retrospective study, the patients were divided into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI): <25, 25–29, and >30 and evaluated. Data of 677 patients aged between 15 and 95 years (52.6 ± 15.6) were evaluated. The entire study population comprised 516 females (76.2%). Results: Thyroid nodules (67.1%) and left ventricle diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) (58.1%) were the two most frequent findings in the overall cohort. In the multivariate regression model, BMI, heart rate, and HDL-cholesterol values were significant and independent predictors (<i>p</i> = 0.000 for all) of the presence of thyroid nodules. The presence of thyroid nodules is higher in females, particularly within the higher BMI groups [odds ratio (OR) = 1.048 (CI = 1.02–1.08) for BMI < 25, <i>p</i> = 0.003; OR = 1.094 (CI = 1.05–1.14) for BMI 25–29, <i>p</i> = 0.000; OR = 1.115 (CI = 1.05–1.19) for BMI ≥ 30]. This higher incidence is not observed in males. Conclusion: While the precise mechanisms underlying this association are yet to be fully elucidated, elevated HDL-cholesterol may serve as an indicator of thyroid nodules rather than a marker of cardiovascular protection.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/23/7411atherosclerosiscardiovascular protectionHDL-cholesterolbody mass indexthyroid nodules |
| spellingShingle | Cafer Zorkun Kenan Yalta Alara Eren Ertan Yetkin The Correlation between Elevated HDL-Cholesterol, Body Mass Index, and Presence of Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective Analysis Journal of Clinical Medicine atherosclerosis cardiovascular protection HDL-cholesterol body mass index thyroid nodules |
| title | The Correlation between Elevated HDL-Cholesterol, Body Mass Index, and Presence of Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective Analysis |
| title_full | The Correlation between Elevated HDL-Cholesterol, Body Mass Index, and Presence of Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective Analysis |
| title_fullStr | The Correlation between Elevated HDL-Cholesterol, Body Mass Index, and Presence of Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Correlation between Elevated HDL-Cholesterol, Body Mass Index, and Presence of Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective Analysis |
| title_short | The Correlation between Elevated HDL-Cholesterol, Body Mass Index, and Presence of Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective Analysis |
| title_sort | correlation between elevated hdl cholesterol body mass index and presence of thyroid nodules a retrospective analysis |
| topic | atherosclerosis cardiovascular protection HDL-cholesterol body mass index thyroid nodules |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/23/7411 |
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