Atmosphere-Assisted FLASH Sintering of Nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate
The request for extremely low-temperature and short-time sintering techniques has guided the development of alternative ceramic processing. Atmosphere-assisted FLASH sintering (AAFS) combines the direct use of electric power to packed powders with the engineering of operating atmosphere to allow low...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3415 |
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| author | Ricardo Serrazina Luis Pereira Paula M. Vilarinho Ana M. Senos |
| author_facet | Ricardo Serrazina Luis Pereira Paula M. Vilarinho Ana M. Senos |
| author_sort | Ricardo Serrazina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The request for extremely low-temperature and short-time sintering techniques has guided the development of alternative ceramic processing. Atmosphere-assisted FLASH sintering (AAFS) combines the direct use of electric power to packed powders with the engineering of operating atmosphere to allow low-temperature conduction. The AAFS of nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate, K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub>, a lead-free piezoelectric, is of great interest to electronics technology to produce efficient, low-thermal-budget sensors, actuators and piezo harvesters, among others. Not previously studied, the role of different atmospheres for the decrease in FLASH temperature (T<sub>F</sub>) of KNN is presented in this work. Additionally, the effect of the humidity presence on the operating atmosphere and the role of the compact morphology undergoing FLASH are investigated. While the low partial pressure of oxygen (reducing atmospheres) allows the decrease of T<sub>F</sub>, limited densification is observed. It is shown that AAFS is responsible for a dramatic decrease in the operating temperature (T < 320 °C), while water is essential to allow appreciable densification. In addition, the particles/pores morphology on the green compact impacts the uniformity of AAFS densification. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:22:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6c295974ade4a8a8ff3ed5e19d6d3a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:22:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6c295974ade4a8a8ff3ed5e19d6d3a62023-11-23T21:19:44ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-09-011219341510.3390/nano12193415Atmosphere-Assisted FLASH Sintering of Nanometric Potassium Sodium NiobateRicardo Serrazina0Luis Pereira1Paula M. Vilarinho2Ana M. Senos3Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Campus Santiago, PortugalCENIMAT-I3N, School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Campus Santiago, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Campus Santiago, PortugalThe request for extremely low-temperature and short-time sintering techniques has guided the development of alternative ceramic processing. Atmosphere-assisted FLASH sintering (AAFS) combines the direct use of electric power to packed powders with the engineering of operating atmosphere to allow low-temperature conduction. The AAFS of nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate, K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub>, a lead-free piezoelectric, is of great interest to electronics technology to produce efficient, low-thermal-budget sensors, actuators and piezo harvesters, among others. Not previously studied, the role of different atmospheres for the decrease in FLASH temperature (T<sub>F</sub>) of KNN is presented in this work. Additionally, the effect of the humidity presence on the operating atmosphere and the role of the compact morphology undergoing FLASH are investigated. While the low partial pressure of oxygen (reducing atmospheres) allows the decrease of T<sub>F</sub>, limited densification is observed. It is shown that AAFS is responsible for a dramatic decrease in the operating temperature (T < 320 °C), while water is essential to allow appreciable densification. In addition, the particles/pores morphology on the green compact impacts the uniformity of AAFS densification.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3415atmosphere-assisted FLASH sintering (AAFS)low-temperature sinteringKNNnanopowderselectrical conductivity |
| spellingShingle | Ricardo Serrazina Luis Pereira Paula M. Vilarinho Ana M. Senos Atmosphere-Assisted FLASH Sintering of Nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate Nanomaterials atmosphere-assisted FLASH sintering (AAFS) low-temperature sintering KNN nanopowders electrical conductivity |
| title | Atmosphere-Assisted FLASH Sintering of Nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate |
| title_full | Atmosphere-Assisted FLASH Sintering of Nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate |
| title_fullStr | Atmosphere-Assisted FLASH Sintering of Nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atmosphere-Assisted FLASH Sintering of Nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate |
| title_short | Atmosphere-Assisted FLASH Sintering of Nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate |
| title_sort | atmosphere assisted flash sintering of nanometric potassium sodium niobate |
| topic | atmosphere-assisted FLASH sintering (AAFS) low-temperature sintering KNN nanopowders electrical conductivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3415 |
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