Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis
Abstract Recent evidence has shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are efficacious for treating brain metastases of various primary tumors. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or blood-tumor barrier (BTB) essentially restrict the efficacy...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04089-4 |
| _version_ | 1797849929786327040 |
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| author | Wentao Tian Xianjing Chu Guilong Tanzhu Rongrong Zhou |
| author_facet | Wentao Tian Xianjing Chu Guilong Tanzhu Rongrong Zhou |
| author_sort | Wentao Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Recent evidence has shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are efficacious for treating brain metastases of various primary tumors. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or blood-tumor barrier (BTB) essentially restrict the efficacy of ICIs. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can be a powerful ally to ICIs due to its trait of disrupting the BBB/BTB and increasing the immunogenicity of brain metastases. The combination of SRS + ICI has shown synergy in brain metastases in several retrospective studies. Nevertheless, the optimal schedule for the combination of SRS and ICI in brain metastases is yet to be determined. In this review, we summarized the current clinical and preclinical evidence on the timing and sequence of SRS + ICI to provide insight into the current state of knowledge about this important area in patient care. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:52:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6c908023f5045fcb473af78e21508a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1479-5876 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:52:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6c908023f5045fcb473af78e21508a72023-04-09T11:25:40ZengBMCJournal of Translational Medicine1479-58762023-04-0121111710.1186/s12967-023-04089-4Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basisWentao Tian0Xianjing Chu1Guilong Tanzhu2Rongrong Zhou3Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityAbstract Recent evidence has shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are efficacious for treating brain metastases of various primary tumors. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or blood-tumor barrier (BTB) essentially restrict the efficacy of ICIs. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can be a powerful ally to ICIs due to its trait of disrupting the BBB/BTB and increasing the immunogenicity of brain metastases. The combination of SRS + ICI has shown synergy in brain metastases in several retrospective studies. Nevertheless, the optimal schedule for the combination of SRS and ICI in brain metastases is yet to be determined. In this review, we summarized the current clinical and preclinical evidence on the timing and sequence of SRS + ICI to provide insight into the current state of knowledge about this important area in patient care.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04089-4Cancer combination therapyImmune checkpoint inhibitorsBrain metastasesStereotactic radiosurgery |
| spellingShingle | Wentao Tian Xianjing Chu Guilong Tanzhu Rongrong Zhou Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis Journal of Translational Medicine Cancer combination therapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Brain metastases Stereotactic radiosurgery |
| title | Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis |
| title_full | Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis |
| title_fullStr | Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis |
| title_short | Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis |
| title_sort | optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases clinical evidence and mechanistic basis |
| topic | Cancer combination therapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Brain metastases Stereotactic radiosurgery |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04089-4 |
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