Role of nitric oxide and related molecules in schizophrenia pathogenesis: biochemical, genetic and clinical aspects
Currently, schizophrenia is considered a multifactorial disease. Over the past 50 years, many investigators have considered the role of toxic free radicals in the etiology of schizophrenia. This is an area of active research which is still evolving. Here, we review the recent data and current concep...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2015.00139/full |
| _version_ | 1818583555205234688 |
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| author | Regina F. Nasyrova Dmitriy V. Ivashchenko Mikhail V. Ivanov Nikolay G. Neznanov |
| author_facet | Regina F. Nasyrova Dmitriy V. Ivashchenko Mikhail V. Ivanov Nikolay G. Neznanov |
| author_sort | Regina F. Nasyrova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, schizophrenia is considered a multifactorial disease. Over the past 50 years, many investigators have considered the role of toxic free radicals in the etiology of schizophrenia. This is an area of active research which is still evolving. Here, we review the recent data and current concepts on the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and related molecules in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. NO is involved in storage, uptake and release of mediators and neurotransmitters, including glutamate, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, GABA, taurine and glycine. In addition, NO diffuses across cell membranes and activates its own extrasynaptic receptors. Further, NO is involved in peroxidation and reactive oxidative stress. Investigations reveal significant disturbances in NO levels in the brain structures (cerebellum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum) and fluids of subjects with schizophrenia. Given the roles of NO in central nervous system development, these changes may result in neurodevelopmental changes associated with schizophrenia. We describe here the recent literature on NOS gene polymorphisms on schizophrenia, which all point to consistent results. We also discuss how NO may be a new target for the therapy of mental disorders. Currently there have been 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials of L-lysine as an NOS inhibitor in the CNS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:07:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6ccc0aa67a44228a373e73c9279fe05 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:07:08Z |
| publishDate | 2015-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6ccc0aa67a44228a373e73c9279fe052022-12-21T22:38:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2015-05-01610.3389/fphys.2015.00139119342Role of nitric oxide and related molecules in schizophrenia pathogenesis: biochemical, genetic and clinical aspectsRegina F. Nasyrova0Dmitriy V. Ivashchenko1Mikhail V. Ivanov2Nikolay G. Neznanov3St Petersburg VM Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research InstituteSt Petersburg VM Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research InstituteSt Petersburg VM Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research InstituteSt Petersburg VM Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research InstituteCurrently, schizophrenia is considered a multifactorial disease. Over the past 50 years, many investigators have considered the role of toxic free radicals in the etiology of schizophrenia. This is an area of active research which is still evolving. Here, we review the recent data and current concepts on the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and related molecules in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. NO is involved in storage, uptake and release of mediators and neurotransmitters, including glutamate, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, GABA, taurine and glycine. In addition, NO diffuses across cell membranes and activates its own extrasynaptic receptors. Further, NO is involved in peroxidation and reactive oxidative stress. Investigations reveal significant disturbances in NO levels in the brain structures (cerebellum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum) and fluids of subjects with schizophrenia. Given the roles of NO in central nervous system development, these changes may result in neurodevelopmental changes associated with schizophrenia. We describe here the recent literature on NOS gene polymorphisms on schizophrenia, which all point to consistent results. We also discuss how NO may be a new target for the therapy of mental disorders. Currently there have been 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials of L-lysine as an NOS inhibitor in the CNS.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2015.00139/fullNitric OxideNitric Oxide SynthaseOxidative StressSchizophreniaNONOS |
| spellingShingle | Regina F. Nasyrova Dmitriy V. Ivashchenko Mikhail V. Ivanov Nikolay G. Neznanov Role of nitric oxide and related molecules in schizophrenia pathogenesis: biochemical, genetic and clinical aspects Frontiers in Physiology Nitric Oxide Nitric Oxide Synthase Oxidative Stress Schizophrenia NO NOS |
| title | Role of nitric oxide and related molecules in schizophrenia pathogenesis: biochemical, genetic and clinical aspects |
| title_full | Role of nitric oxide and related molecules in schizophrenia pathogenesis: biochemical, genetic and clinical aspects |
| title_fullStr | Role of nitric oxide and related molecules in schizophrenia pathogenesis: biochemical, genetic and clinical aspects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of nitric oxide and related molecules in schizophrenia pathogenesis: biochemical, genetic and clinical aspects |
| title_short | Role of nitric oxide and related molecules in schizophrenia pathogenesis: biochemical, genetic and clinical aspects |
| title_sort | role of nitric oxide and related molecules in schizophrenia pathogenesis biochemical genetic and clinical aspects |
| topic | Nitric Oxide Nitric Oxide Synthase Oxidative Stress Schizophrenia NO NOS |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2015.00139/full |
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