The Kepler Giant Planet Search. I. A Decade of Kepler Planet-host Radial Velocities from W. M. Keck Observatory
Despite the importance of Jupiter and Saturn to Earth’s formation and habitability, there has not yet been a comprehensive observational study of how giant exoplanets correlate with the architectural properties of close-in, sub-Neptune-sized exoplanets. This is largely because transit surveys are pa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad0cab |
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| author | Lauren M. Weiss Howard Isaacson Andrew W. Howard Benjamin J. Fulton Erik A. Petigura Daniel Fabrycky Daniel Jontof-Hutter Jason H. Steffen Hilke E. Schlichting Jason T. Wright Corey Beard Casey L. Brinkman Ashley Chontos Steven Giacalone Michelle L. Hill Molly R. Kosiarek Mason G. MacDougall Teo Močnik Alex S. Polanski Emma V. Turtelboom Dakotah Tyler Judah Van Zandt |
| author_facet | Lauren M. Weiss Howard Isaacson Andrew W. Howard Benjamin J. Fulton Erik A. Petigura Daniel Fabrycky Daniel Jontof-Hutter Jason H. Steffen Hilke E. Schlichting Jason T. Wright Corey Beard Casey L. Brinkman Ashley Chontos Steven Giacalone Michelle L. Hill Molly R. Kosiarek Mason G. MacDougall Teo Močnik Alex S. Polanski Emma V. Turtelboom Dakotah Tyler Judah Van Zandt |
| author_sort | Lauren M. Weiss |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the importance of Jupiter and Saturn to Earth’s formation and habitability, there has not yet been a comprehensive observational study of how giant exoplanets correlate with the architectural properties of close-in, sub-Neptune-sized exoplanets. This is largely because transit surveys are particularly insensitive to planets at orbital separations ≳1 au, and so their census of Jupiter-like planets is incomplete, inhibiting our study of the relationship between Jupiter-like planets and the small planets that do transit. To investigate the relationship between close-in, small and distant, giant planets, we conducted the Kepler Giant Planet Survey (KGPS). Using the W. M. Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer, we spent over a decade collecting 2844 radial velocities (RVs; 2167 of which are presented here for the first time) of 63 Sunlike stars that host 157 transiting planets. We had no prior knowledge of which systems would contain giant planets beyond 1 au, making this survey unbiased with respect to previously detected Jovians. We announce RV-detected companions to 20 stars from our sample. These include 13 Jovians ( $0.3\,{M}_{{\rm{J}}}\lt M\sin i\lt 13\,{M}_{{\rm{J}}}$ , 1 au < a < 10 au), eight nontransiting sub-Saturns, and three stellar-mass companions. We also present updated masses and densities of 84 transiting planets. The KGPS project leverages one of the longest-running and most data-rich collections of RVs of the NASA Kepler systems yet, and it will provide a basis for addressing whether giant planets help or hinder the growth of sub-Neptune-sized and terrestrial planets. Future KGPS papers will examine the relationship between small, transiting planets and their long-period companions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:11:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6d0bc4ef6794f3288e4db63d9c0405d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0067-0049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:11:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6d0bc4ef6794f3288e4db63d9c0405d2023-12-27T15:34:08ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series0067-00492023-01-012701810.3847/1538-4365/ad0cabThe Kepler Giant Planet Search. I. A Decade of Kepler Planet-host Radial Velocities from W. M. Keck ObservatoryLauren M. Weiss0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3725-3058Howard Isaacson1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-1073Andrew W. Howard2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-0320Benjamin J. Fulton3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-5316Erik A. Petigura4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-2893Daniel Fabrycky5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-0183Daniel Jontof-Hutter6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6227-7510Jason H. Steffen7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-3847Hilke E. Schlichting8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-8089Jason T. Wright9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6160-5888Corey Beard10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-2364Casey L. Brinkman11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-310XAshley Chontos12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-2564Steven Giacalone13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8965-3969Michelle L. Hill14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0139-4756Molly R. Kosiarek15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-4359Mason G. MacDougall16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-9043Teo Močnik17https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4603-556XAlex S. Polanski18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7047-8681Emma V. Turtelboom19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1845-2617Dakotah Tyler20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-4667Judah Van Zandt21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4290-6826Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA ; lweiss4@nd.eduCentre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba, QLD, Australia; Department of Astronomy, 501 Campbell Hall, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USACahill Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; IPAC-NASA Exoplanet Science Institute , Pasadena, CA 91125, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USADept. of Physics, University of the Pacific , Stockton, CA 95211, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada , Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, P.O. Box 454002, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; Nevada Center for Astrophysics , 4505 South Maryland Parkway, P.O. Box 454002, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USADepartment of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, The University of California , Los Angeles, 595 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center , 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822 USADepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USADepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside , 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAGemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS 66045, USADepartment of Astronomy, 501 Campbell Hall, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADespite the importance of Jupiter and Saturn to Earth’s formation and habitability, there has not yet been a comprehensive observational study of how giant exoplanets correlate with the architectural properties of close-in, sub-Neptune-sized exoplanets. This is largely because transit surveys are particularly insensitive to planets at orbital separations ≳1 au, and so their census of Jupiter-like planets is incomplete, inhibiting our study of the relationship between Jupiter-like planets and the small planets that do transit. To investigate the relationship between close-in, small and distant, giant planets, we conducted the Kepler Giant Planet Survey (KGPS). Using the W. M. Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer, we spent over a decade collecting 2844 radial velocities (RVs; 2167 of which are presented here for the first time) of 63 Sunlike stars that host 157 transiting planets. We had no prior knowledge of which systems would contain giant planets beyond 1 au, making this survey unbiased with respect to previously detected Jovians. We announce RV-detected companions to 20 stars from our sample. These include 13 Jovians ( $0.3\,{M}_{{\rm{J}}}\lt M\sin i\lt 13\,{M}_{{\rm{J}}}$ , 1 au < a < 10 au), eight nontransiting sub-Saturns, and three stellar-mass companions. We also present updated masses and densities of 84 transiting planets. The KGPS project leverages one of the longest-running and most data-rich collections of RVs of the NASA Kepler systems yet, and it will provide a basis for addressing whether giant planets help or hinder the growth of sub-Neptune-sized and terrestrial planets. Future KGPS papers will examine the relationship between small, transiting planets and their long-period companions.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad0cabExoplanetsExoplanet catalogsExoplanet systemsRadial velocityTransitsOrbital elements |
| spellingShingle | Lauren M. Weiss Howard Isaacson Andrew W. Howard Benjamin J. Fulton Erik A. Petigura Daniel Fabrycky Daniel Jontof-Hutter Jason H. Steffen Hilke E. Schlichting Jason T. Wright Corey Beard Casey L. Brinkman Ashley Chontos Steven Giacalone Michelle L. Hill Molly R. Kosiarek Mason G. MacDougall Teo Močnik Alex S. Polanski Emma V. Turtelboom Dakotah Tyler Judah Van Zandt The Kepler Giant Planet Search. I. A Decade of Kepler Planet-host Radial Velocities from W. M. Keck Observatory The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Exoplanets Exoplanet catalogs Exoplanet systems Radial velocity Transits Orbital elements |
| title | The Kepler Giant Planet Search. I. A Decade of Kepler Planet-host Radial Velocities from W. M. Keck Observatory |
| title_full | The Kepler Giant Planet Search. I. A Decade of Kepler Planet-host Radial Velocities from W. M. Keck Observatory |
| title_fullStr | The Kepler Giant Planet Search. I. A Decade of Kepler Planet-host Radial Velocities from W. M. Keck Observatory |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Kepler Giant Planet Search. I. A Decade of Kepler Planet-host Radial Velocities from W. M. Keck Observatory |
| title_short | The Kepler Giant Planet Search. I. A Decade of Kepler Planet-host Radial Velocities from W. M. Keck Observatory |
| title_sort | kepler giant planet search i a decade of kepler planet host radial velocities from w m keck observatory |
| topic | Exoplanets Exoplanet catalogs Exoplanet systems Radial velocity Transits Orbital elements |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad0cab |
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