Vancomycin Revisited - 60 years later
Vancomycin is one of the older antibiotics that has been now in clinical use close to 60 years. Earlier on, vancomycin was associated with many side effects including vestibular and renal, most likely due to impurities contained .in early vancomycin lots. Over the years the impurities have been remo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00217/full |
| _version_ | 1818130187639848960 |
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| author | Ethan eRubinstein Yoav eKeynan |
| author_facet | Ethan eRubinstein Yoav eKeynan |
| author_sort | Ethan eRubinstein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vancomycin is one of the older antibiotics that has been now in clinical use close to 60 years. Earlier on, vancomycin was associated with many side effects including vestibular and renal, most likely due to impurities contained .in early vancomycin lots. Over the years the impurities have been removed and the compound has now far less vestibular adverse effects, but still possesses renal toxicity if administered at higher doses rendering trough serum levels of >15 mcg/Ml or if administered for prolonged periods of time. Vancomycin is effective against most gram-positive cocci and bacilli with the exception of rare organisms as well as enterococci that became vancomycin resistant (VRE), mostly Enterococcus faecium. The major use of vancomycin today is for infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) and amoxicillin-resistant enterococci . In its oral form vancomycin is used to treat diarrhea caused by Clsotridium difficile. With Staphylococcus aureus there are only a handful of vancomycin-resistant strains. Nevertheless a ‘vancomycin creep’ that is slow upward trending of vancomycin MIC from < 1mcg/Ml to higher values has been noted in several parts of the world, but not globally, and strains that have MIC’s of 1.5-2mcg/Ml are associated with high therapeutic failure rates. This phenomenon has also been recently recognized in methicillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA). While vancomycin is relatively a safe agent adverse events include the ‘red man’ syndrome, allergic reactions and various bone marrow effects ads well as nephrotoxicity.<br/>Vancomycin has been a very important tool in our therapeutic armamentarium that remained effective for many years it, isl likely remain effective as long as resistance to vancomycin remains controlled.<br/> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:01:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6d3f2512ed74e7c82660bfe52ea4e2a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:01:03Z |
| publishDate | 2014-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6d3f2512ed74e7c82660bfe52ea4e2a2022-12-22T01:15:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652014-10-01210.3389/fpubh.2014.0021777697Vancomycin Revisited - 60 years laterEthan eRubinstein0Yoav eKeynan1University of ManitobaUniversity of ManitobaVancomycin is one of the older antibiotics that has been now in clinical use close to 60 years. Earlier on, vancomycin was associated with many side effects including vestibular and renal, most likely due to impurities contained .in early vancomycin lots. Over the years the impurities have been removed and the compound has now far less vestibular adverse effects, but still possesses renal toxicity if administered at higher doses rendering trough serum levels of >15 mcg/Ml or if administered for prolonged periods of time. Vancomycin is effective against most gram-positive cocci and bacilli with the exception of rare organisms as well as enterococci that became vancomycin resistant (VRE), mostly Enterococcus faecium. The major use of vancomycin today is for infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) and amoxicillin-resistant enterococci . In its oral form vancomycin is used to treat diarrhea caused by Clsotridium difficile. With Staphylococcus aureus there are only a handful of vancomycin-resistant strains. Nevertheless a ‘vancomycin creep’ that is slow upward trending of vancomycin MIC from < 1mcg/Ml to higher values has been noted in several parts of the world, but not globally, and strains that have MIC’s of 1.5-2mcg/Ml are associated with high therapeutic failure rates. This phenomenon has also been recently recognized in methicillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA). While vancomycin is relatively a safe agent adverse events include the ‘red man’ syndrome, allergic reactions and various bone marrow effects ads well as nephrotoxicity.<br/>Vancomycin has been a very important tool in our therapeutic armamentarium that remained effective for many years it, isl likely remain effective as long as resistance to vancomycin remains controlled.<br/>http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00217/fullSafetyVancomycinMRSAnephrotoxicityVREDose |
| spellingShingle | Ethan eRubinstein Yoav eKeynan Vancomycin Revisited - 60 years later Frontiers in Public Health Safety Vancomycin MRSA nephrotoxicity VRE Dose |
| title | Vancomycin Revisited - 60 years later |
| title_full | Vancomycin Revisited - 60 years later |
| title_fullStr | Vancomycin Revisited - 60 years later |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vancomycin Revisited - 60 years later |
| title_short | Vancomycin Revisited - 60 years later |
| title_sort | vancomycin revisited 60 years later |
| topic | Safety Vancomycin MRSA nephrotoxicity VRE Dose |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00217/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ethanerubinstein vancomycinrevisited60yearslater AT yoavekeynan vancomycinrevisited60yearslater |