Serological Responses and Predictive Factors of Booster COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies
Patients with hematologic malignancies are reported to have a more severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and be less responsive to vaccination. In this prospective study, we aimed to evaluate the serological responses to booster COVID-19 vaccines of Taiwanese patients with hematologic...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/17/5647 |
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| author | Chien-Tzu Huang Ching-Ping Lee Tzu-Yin Chen Yi-Chang Liu Shih-Feng Cho Jeng-Shiun Du Ming-Lung Yu Chung-Feng Huang Sheng-Fan Wang Hui-Hua Hsiao |
| author_facet | Chien-Tzu Huang Ching-Ping Lee Tzu-Yin Chen Yi-Chang Liu Shih-Feng Cho Jeng-Shiun Du Ming-Lung Yu Chung-Feng Huang Sheng-Fan Wang Hui-Hua Hsiao |
| author_sort | Chien-Tzu Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Patients with hematologic malignancies are reported to have a more severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and be less responsive to vaccination. In this prospective study, we aimed to evaluate the serological responses to booster COVID-19 vaccines of Taiwanese patients with hematologic malignancies and identify potential predictive markers for effective neutralizing immunity. This study enrolled 68 patients with hematologic malignancies and 68 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects who received three doses of vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from 1 January 2022 to 31 October 2022. The SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) spike antibody level was measured with the Abbott assay. The effective neutralization capacity was defined as an anti-spike IgG level of ≥4160 AU/mL. Among the 68 patients with hematologic malignancies, 89.7% achieved seroconversion after booster doses. Seven patients with actively treated lymphoma remained seronegative and had the lowest humoral responses among patients with different types of hematologic malignancies. Despite comparable antibody titers between patients and healthy individuals, rates of effective neutralization (66.2% vs. 86.8%, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.005) were significantly reduced in patients with hematologic malignancies. In a multivariate analysis, the independent predictors for effective neutralization were a lack of B-cell-targeted agents within six months of vaccination (odds ratio, 15.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.7–84.2; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and higher immunoglobulin levels (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–14.7; <i>p</i> = 0.017). In conclusion, the majority of patients with hematologic malignancies achieved seroconversion after booster vaccination. Patients with ongoing B-cell depletion and hypogammaglobinemia were identified as having negative predictive markers for effective neutralization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:19:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6f1a49653c24071bb5b6a97a43f5a63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:19:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6f1a49653c24071bb5b6a97a43f5a632023-11-19T08:23:33ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-08-011217564710.3390/jcm12175647Serological Responses and Predictive Factors of Booster COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic MalignanciesChien-Tzu Huang0Ching-Ping Lee1Tzu-Yin Chen2Yi-Chang Liu3Shih-Feng Cho4Jeng-Shiun Du5Ming-Lung Yu6Chung-Feng Huang7Sheng-Fan Wang8Hui-Hua Hsiao9Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanDepartment of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanDivision of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanDivision of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanCenter for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanPatients with hematologic malignancies are reported to have a more severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and be less responsive to vaccination. In this prospective study, we aimed to evaluate the serological responses to booster COVID-19 vaccines of Taiwanese patients with hematologic malignancies and identify potential predictive markers for effective neutralizing immunity. This study enrolled 68 patients with hematologic malignancies and 68 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects who received three doses of vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from 1 January 2022 to 31 October 2022. The SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) spike antibody level was measured with the Abbott assay. The effective neutralization capacity was defined as an anti-spike IgG level of ≥4160 AU/mL. Among the 68 patients with hematologic malignancies, 89.7% achieved seroconversion after booster doses. Seven patients with actively treated lymphoma remained seronegative and had the lowest humoral responses among patients with different types of hematologic malignancies. Despite comparable antibody titers between patients and healthy individuals, rates of effective neutralization (66.2% vs. 86.8%, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.005) were significantly reduced in patients with hematologic malignancies. In a multivariate analysis, the independent predictors for effective neutralization were a lack of B-cell-targeted agents within six months of vaccination (odds ratio, 15.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.7–84.2; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and higher immunoglobulin levels (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–14.7; <i>p</i> = 0.017). In conclusion, the majority of patients with hematologic malignancies achieved seroconversion after booster vaccination. Patients with ongoing B-cell depletion and hypogammaglobinemia were identified as having negative predictive markers for effective neutralization.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/17/5647coronavirus disease 2019booster vaccineshematologic malignanciesB-cell-targeted agentshypogammaglobinemia |
| spellingShingle | Chien-Tzu Huang Ching-Ping Lee Tzu-Yin Chen Yi-Chang Liu Shih-Feng Cho Jeng-Shiun Du Ming-Lung Yu Chung-Feng Huang Sheng-Fan Wang Hui-Hua Hsiao Serological Responses and Predictive Factors of Booster COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Journal of Clinical Medicine coronavirus disease 2019 booster vaccines hematologic malignancies B-cell-targeted agents hypogammaglobinemia |
| title | Serological Responses and Predictive Factors of Booster COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies |
| title_full | Serological Responses and Predictive Factors of Booster COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies |
| title_fullStr | Serological Responses and Predictive Factors of Booster COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serological Responses and Predictive Factors of Booster COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies |
| title_short | Serological Responses and Predictive Factors of Booster COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies |
| title_sort | serological responses and predictive factors of booster covid 19 vaccines in patients with hematologic malignancies |
| topic | coronavirus disease 2019 booster vaccines hematologic malignancies B-cell-targeted agents hypogammaglobinemia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/17/5647 |
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