Can Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Be Indicative of Predispositions to Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Women - Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease?
Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are autoimmune thyroid diseases which occur much more frequently in women than in men. Estrogen receptors are found in the thyroid gland and can modulate the gland’s function. Digit ratio (2D:4D) is thought to be a negative correlate of prenatal testosterone...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.914471/full |
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| author | Barbara Święchowicz Anna Kasielska-Trojan John T. Manning Bogusław Antoszewski |
| author_facet | Barbara Święchowicz Anna Kasielska-Trojan John T. Manning Bogusław Antoszewski |
| author_sort | Barbara Święchowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are autoimmune thyroid diseases which occur much more frequently in women than in men. Estrogen receptors are found in the thyroid gland and can modulate the gland’s function. Digit ratio (2D:4D) is thought to be a negative correlate of prenatal testosterone and a positive correlate of prenatal estrogen. This study aimed to examine a relationship between right and left 2D:4D in women with Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. The cross-sectional study included 106 women with autoimmune thyroid disease: 73 women diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis and 33 women with Graves’ disease, together with 70 healthy women as controls. Second and fourth digit length, weight, height were measured directly, and 2D:4D and BMI were calculated. Compared to controls, right and left 2D:4D were significantly higher in women with Hashimoto thyroiditis and lower in women with Graves’ disease, the effects were higher for right 2D:4D. The mean length of right 4D was significantly lower in the examined women with Hashimoto thyroiditis than in Graves’ disease. Higher right and left 2D:4D in women with Hashimoto thyroiditis suggests that prenatal exposure to high levels of estrogens relative to testosterone may play a role in the development of this disease. Lower right and left 2D:4D in women with Graves’ disease suggest a role of high prenatal androgens relative to estrogens in Graves’ disease pathogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:31:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6f49c8dd6194d3f9674d2565b763e66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:31:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6f49c8dd6194d3f9674d2565b763e662022-12-22T00:31:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-06-011310.3389/fendo.2022.914471914471Can Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Be Indicative of Predispositions to Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Women - Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease?Barbara Święchowicz0Anna Kasielska-Trojan1John T. Manning2Bogusław Antoszewski3Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Institute of Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, PolandPlastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Institute of Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, PolandApplied Sports, Technology, Exercise, and Medicine (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, United KingdomPlastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Institute of Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, PolandHashimoto thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are autoimmune thyroid diseases which occur much more frequently in women than in men. Estrogen receptors are found in the thyroid gland and can modulate the gland’s function. Digit ratio (2D:4D) is thought to be a negative correlate of prenatal testosterone and a positive correlate of prenatal estrogen. This study aimed to examine a relationship between right and left 2D:4D in women with Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. The cross-sectional study included 106 women with autoimmune thyroid disease: 73 women diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis and 33 women with Graves’ disease, together with 70 healthy women as controls. Second and fourth digit length, weight, height were measured directly, and 2D:4D and BMI were calculated. Compared to controls, right and left 2D:4D were significantly higher in women with Hashimoto thyroiditis and lower in women with Graves’ disease, the effects were higher for right 2D:4D. The mean length of right 4D was significantly lower in the examined women with Hashimoto thyroiditis than in Graves’ disease. Higher right and left 2D:4D in women with Hashimoto thyroiditis suggests that prenatal exposure to high levels of estrogens relative to testosterone may play a role in the development of this disease. Lower right and left 2D:4D in women with Graves’ disease suggest a role of high prenatal androgens relative to estrogens in Graves’ disease pathogenesis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.914471/fulldigit ratioHashimoto thyroiditisGraves’ diseaseautoimmune thyroid diseasesestrogen |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Święchowicz Anna Kasielska-Trojan John T. Manning Bogusław Antoszewski Can Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Be Indicative of Predispositions to Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Women - Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease? Frontiers in Endocrinology digit ratio Hashimoto thyroiditis Graves’ disease autoimmune thyroid diseases estrogen |
| title | Can Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Be Indicative of Predispositions to Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Women - Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease? |
| title_full | Can Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Be Indicative of Predispositions to Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Women - Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease? |
| title_fullStr | Can Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Be Indicative of Predispositions to Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Women - Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Be Indicative of Predispositions to Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Women - Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease? |
| title_short | Can Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Be Indicative of Predispositions to Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Women - Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease? |
| title_sort | can digit ratio 2d 4d be indicative of predispositions to autoimmune thyroid diseases in women hashimoto thyroiditis and graves disease |
| topic | digit ratio Hashimoto thyroiditis Graves’ disease autoimmune thyroid diseases estrogen |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.914471/full |
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