Red Ginseng Attenuates the Hepatic Cellular Senescence in Aged Mice
Cellular senescence is defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest accompanied by morphological and physiological alterations during aging. Red ginseng (RG), processed from fresh ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) with a one-time steaming and drying process, is a well-known benef...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/1/36 |
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| author | Da-Yeon Lee Juliana Arndt Jennifer F. O’Connell Josephine M. Egan Yoo Kim |
| author_facet | Da-Yeon Lee Juliana Arndt Jennifer F. O’Connell Josephine M. Egan Yoo Kim |
| author_sort | Da-Yeon Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cellular senescence is defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest accompanied by morphological and physiological alterations during aging. Red ginseng (RG), processed from fresh ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) with a one-time steaming and drying process, is a well-known beneficial herbal medicine showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. The current study aimed to investigate the benefits of RG in alleviating hepatic cellular senescence and its adverse effects in 19-month-old aged mice. We applied two different intervention methods and durations to compare RG’s effects in a time-dependent manner: (1) oral gavage injection for 4 weeks and (2) ad libitum intervention for 14 weeks. We observed that 4-week RG administration was exerted to maintain insulin homeostasis against developing age-associated insulin insensitivity and suppressed cellular senescence pathway in the liver and primary hepatocytes. Moreover, with remarkable improvement of insulin homeostasis, 14-week RG supplementation downregulated the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and its downstream transcriptional factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in aged mice. Lastly, RG treatment significantly reduced the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive cells in primary hepatocytes and ionizing radiation (IR)-exposed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Taken together, we suggest that RG can be a promising candidate for a senolytic substance by preventing hepatic cellular senescence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:04:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6fb219b40ee41978519e844b6b1404a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:04:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6fb219b40ee41978519e844b6b1404a2024-01-26T15:06:57ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372024-01-011313610.3390/biology13010036Red Ginseng Attenuates the Hepatic Cellular Senescence in Aged MiceDa-Yeon Lee0Juliana Arndt1Jennifer F. O’Connell2Josephine M. Egan3Yoo Kim4Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USALaboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USALaboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USADepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USACellular senescence is defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest accompanied by morphological and physiological alterations during aging. Red ginseng (RG), processed from fresh ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) with a one-time steaming and drying process, is a well-known beneficial herbal medicine showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. The current study aimed to investigate the benefits of RG in alleviating hepatic cellular senescence and its adverse effects in 19-month-old aged mice. We applied two different intervention methods and durations to compare RG’s effects in a time-dependent manner: (1) oral gavage injection for 4 weeks and (2) ad libitum intervention for 14 weeks. We observed that 4-week RG administration was exerted to maintain insulin homeostasis against developing age-associated insulin insensitivity and suppressed cellular senescence pathway in the liver and primary hepatocytes. Moreover, with remarkable improvement of insulin homeostasis, 14-week RG supplementation downregulated the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and its downstream transcriptional factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in aged mice. Lastly, RG treatment significantly reduced the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive cells in primary hepatocytes and ionizing radiation (IR)-exposed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Taken together, we suggest that RG can be a promising candidate for a senolytic substance by preventing hepatic cellular senescence.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/1/36red ginsenglivercellular senescenceinflammationapoptosisinsulin homeostasis |
| spellingShingle | Da-Yeon Lee Juliana Arndt Jennifer F. O’Connell Josephine M. Egan Yoo Kim Red Ginseng Attenuates the Hepatic Cellular Senescence in Aged Mice Biology red ginseng liver cellular senescence inflammation apoptosis insulin homeostasis |
| title | Red Ginseng Attenuates the Hepatic Cellular Senescence in Aged Mice |
| title_full | Red Ginseng Attenuates the Hepatic Cellular Senescence in Aged Mice |
| title_fullStr | Red Ginseng Attenuates the Hepatic Cellular Senescence in Aged Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Red Ginseng Attenuates the Hepatic Cellular Senescence in Aged Mice |
| title_short | Red Ginseng Attenuates the Hepatic Cellular Senescence in Aged Mice |
| title_sort | red ginseng attenuates the hepatic cellular senescence in aged mice |
| topic | red ginseng liver cellular senescence inflammation apoptosis insulin homeostasis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/1/36 |
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