Linking Cover Crop Residue Quality and Tillage System to CO<sub>2</sub>-C Emission, Soil C and N Stocks and Crop Yield Based on a Long-Term Experiment
Cover crops (CC), particularly legumes, are key to promote soil carbon (C) sequestration in no-tillage. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating this process need further elucidation within a broad comprehensive framework. Therefore, we investigated effects of CC quality: black oat (<i>Avena st...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/12/1848 |
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| author | Otávio A. Leal Telmo J. C. Amado Jackson E. Fiorin Cristiano Keller Geovane B. Reimche Charles W. Rice Rodrigo S. Nicoloso Rafael P. Bortolotto Rai Schwalbert |
| author_facet | Otávio A. Leal Telmo J. C. Amado Jackson E. Fiorin Cristiano Keller Geovane B. Reimche Charles W. Rice Rodrigo S. Nicoloso Rafael P. Bortolotto Rai Schwalbert |
| author_sort | Otávio A. Leal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cover crops (CC), particularly legumes, are key to promote soil carbon (C) sequestration in no-tillage. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating this process need further elucidation within a broad comprehensive framework. Therefore, we investigated effects of CC quality: black oat (<i>Avena strigosa</i> Schreb) (oat), common vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) (vetch), and oat + vetch on carbon dioxide-C (CO<sub>2</sub>-C) emission (124 days) under conventional- (CT), minimum- (MT) and no-tillage (NT) plots from a long-term experiment in Southern Brazil. Half-life time (t<sub>1/2</sub>) of CC residues and the apparent C balance (ACB) were obtained for CT and NT. We linked our data to long-term (22 years) soil C and nitrogen (N) stocks and crop yield data of our experimental field. Compared to CT, NT increased t<sub>1/2</sub> of oat, oat + vetch and vetch by 3.9-, 3.1- and 3-fold, respectively; reduced CO<sub>2</sub>-C emissions in oat, oat + vetch and vetch by 500, 600 and 642 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively; and increased the ACB (influx) in oat + vetch (195%) and vetch (207%). For vetch, CO<sub>2</sub>-C emission in MT was 77% greater than NT. Legume CC should be preferentially combined with NT to reduce CO<sub>2</sub>-C emissions and avoid a flush of N into the soil. The legume based-NT system showed the greatest soil C and N sequestration rates, which were significantly and positively related to soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merrill) and maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) yield. Soil C (0–90 cm depth) and N (0–100 cm depth) sequestration increments of 1 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> corresponded to soybean yield increments of 1.2 and 7.4 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:37:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6fd0e4caa1846efa2a97432732a2a63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:37:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d6fd0e4caa1846efa2a97432732a2a632023-11-20T22:06:05ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-11-011012184810.3390/agronomy10121848Linking Cover Crop Residue Quality and Tillage System to CO<sub>2</sub>-C Emission, Soil C and N Stocks and Crop Yield Based on a Long-Term ExperimentOtávio A. Leal0Telmo J. C. Amado1Jackson E. Fiorin2Cristiano Keller3Geovane B. Reimche4Charles W. Rice5Rodrigo S. Nicoloso6Rafael P. Bortolotto7Rai Schwalbert8Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, BrazilSoils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, BrazilCooperativa Central Gaúcha Ltd.a, 98005-970 Cruz Alta, RS, BrazilSoils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, BrazilSoils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, BrazilDepartment of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USAEmbrapa Swine and Poultry, 89715-899 Concordia, SC, BrazilDepartment of Agronomy, University of Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, BrazilSoils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, BrazilCover crops (CC), particularly legumes, are key to promote soil carbon (C) sequestration in no-tillage. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating this process need further elucidation within a broad comprehensive framework. Therefore, we investigated effects of CC quality: black oat (<i>Avena strigosa</i> Schreb) (oat), common vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) (vetch), and oat + vetch on carbon dioxide-C (CO<sub>2</sub>-C) emission (124 days) under conventional- (CT), minimum- (MT) and no-tillage (NT) plots from a long-term experiment in Southern Brazil. Half-life time (t<sub>1/2</sub>) of CC residues and the apparent C balance (ACB) were obtained for CT and NT. We linked our data to long-term (22 years) soil C and nitrogen (N) stocks and crop yield data of our experimental field. Compared to CT, NT increased t<sub>1/2</sub> of oat, oat + vetch and vetch by 3.9-, 3.1- and 3-fold, respectively; reduced CO<sub>2</sub>-C emissions in oat, oat + vetch and vetch by 500, 600 and 642 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively; and increased the ACB (influx) in oat + vetch (195%) and vetch (207%). For vetch, CO<sub>2</sub>-C emission in MT was 77% greater than NT. Legume CC should be preferentially combined with NT to reduce CO<sub>2</sub>-C emissions and avoid a flush of N into the soil. The legume based-NT system showed the greatest soil C and N sequestration rates, which were significantly and positively related to soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merrill) and maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) yield. Soil C (0–90 cm depth) and N (0–100 cm depth) sequestration increments of 1 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> corresponded to soybean yield increments of 1.2 and 7.4 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/12/1848vetchoathalf-life timeapparent carbon balanceintensive croppingsoybean |
| spellingShingle | Otávio A. Leal Telmo J. C. Amado Jackson E. Fiorin Cristiano Keller Geovane B. Reimche Charles W. Rice Rodrigo S. Nicoloso Rafael P. Bortolotto Rai Schwalbert Linking Cover Crop Residue Quality and Tillage System to CO<sub>2</sub>-C Emission, Soil C and N Stocks and Crop Yield Based on a Long-Term Experiment Agronomy vetch oat half-life time apparent carbon balance intensive cropping soybean |
| title | Linking Cover Crop Residue Quality and Tillage System to CO<sub>2</sub>-C Emission, Soil C and N Stocks and Crop Yield Based on a Long-Term Experiment |
| title_full | Linking Cover Crop Residue Quality and Tillage System to CO<sub>2</sub>-C Emission, Soil C and N Stocks and Crop Yield Based on a Long-Term Experiment |
| title_fullStr | Linking Cover Crop Residue Quality and Tillage System to CO<sub>2</sub>-C Emission, Soil C and N Stocks and Crop Yield Based on a Long-Term Experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Linking Cover Crop Residue Quality and Tillage System to CO<sub>2</sub>-C Emission, Soil C and N Stocks and Crop Yield Based on a Long-Term Experiment |
| title_short | Linking Cover Crop Residue Quality and Tillage System to CO<sub>2</sub>-C Emission, Soil C and N Stocks and Crop Yield Based on a Long-Term Experiment |
| title_sort | linking cover crop residue quality and tillage system to co sub 2 sub c emission soil c and n stocks and crop yield based on a long term experiment |
| topic | vetch oat half-life time apparent carbon balance intensive cropping soybean |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/12/1848 |
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