Temporal and Spatial Focusing in SPAD-Based Solid-State Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Range Imaging
The relation between signal and background noise strengths in single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based pulsed time-of-flight 3-D range imaging is analyzed on the assumption that the SPAD detector is operating in the single photon detection mode. Several practical measurement cases using a 256-pixe...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/5973 |
| _version_ | 1797550191532834816 |
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| author | Juha Kostamovaara Sahba S. Jahromi Pekka Keränen |
| author_facet | Juha Kostamovaara Sahba S. Jahromi Pekka Keränen |
| author_sort | Juha Kostamovaara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The relation between signal and background noise strengths in single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based pulsed time-of-flight 3-D range imaging is analyzed on the assumption that the SPAD detector is operating in the single photon detection mode. Several practical measurement cases using a 256-pixel solid-state pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) line profiler are presented and analyzed in the light of the resulting analysis. It is shown that in this case it is advantageous to concentrate the available optical average power in short, intensive pulses and to focus the optical energy in spatial terms. In 3-D range imaging, this could be achieved by using block-based illumination instead of the regularly used flood illumination. One modification of this approach could be a source that would illuminate the system FOV only in narrow laser stripes. It is shown that a 256-pixel SPAD-based pulsed TOF line profiler following these design principles can achieve a measurement range of 5–10 m to non-cooperative targets at a rate of ~10 lines/s under bright sunlight conditions using an average optical power of only 260 µW. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:26:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d6fe140cf6b5436d9d339b335a1f39c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:26:02Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-d6fe140cf6b5436d9d339b335a1f39c52023-11-20T18:03:39ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-10-012021597310.3390/s20215973Temporal and Spatial Focusing in SPAD-Based Solid-State Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Range ImagingJuha Kostamovaara0Sahba S. Jahromi1Pekka Keränen2Circuits and Systems Research Group, ITEE Faculty, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, FinlandCircuits and Systems Research Group, ITEE Faculty, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, FinlandCircuits and Systems Research Group, ITEE Faculty, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, FinlandThe relation between signal and background noise strengths in single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based pulsed time-of-flight 3-D range imaging is analyzed on the assumption that the SPAD detector is operating in the single photon detection mode. Several practical measurement cases using a 256-pixel solid-state pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) line profiler are presented and analyzed in the light of the resulting analysis. It is shown that in this case it is advantageous to concentrate the available optical average power in short, intensive pulses and to focus the optical energy in spatial terms. In 3-D range imaging, this could be achieved by using block-based illumination instead of the regularly used flood illumination. One modification of this approach could be a source that would illuminate the system FOV only in narrow laser stripes. It is shown that a 256-pixel SPAD-based pulsed TOF line profiler following these design principles can achieve a measurement range of 5–10 m to non-cooperative targets at a rate of ~10 lines/s under bright sunlight conditions using an average optical power of only 260 µW.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/59733-D range imagingpulsed time-of-flightsingle photon detection |
| spellingShingle | Juha Kostamovaara Sahba S. Jahromi Pekka Keränen Temporal and Spatial Focusing in SPAD-Based Solid-State Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Range Imaging Sensors 3-D range imaging pulsed time-of-flight single photon detection |
| title | Temporal and Spatial Focusing in SPAD-Based Solid-State Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Range Imaging |
| title_full | Temporal and Spatial Focusing in SPAD-Based Solid-State Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Range Imaging |
| title_fullStr | Temporal and Spatial Focusing in SPAD-Based Solid-State Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Range Imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal and Spatial Focusing in SPAD-Based Solid-State Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Range Imaging |
| title_short | Temporal and Spatial Focusing in SPAD-Based Solid-State Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Range Imaging |
| title_sort | temporal and spatial focusing in spad based solid state pulsed time of flight laser range imaging |
| topic | 3-D range imaging pulsed time-of-flight single photon detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/5973 |
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