Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases
Inflammatory diseases are common pathological processes caused by various acute and chronic factors, and some of them are autoimmune diseases. Exosomes are fundamental extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cells, which contain a series of constituents, i.e., cytoskeletal and cytosolic protei...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/9/2276 |
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| author | Tosca Mori Lisa Giovannelli Anna Rita Bilia Francesca Margheri |
| author_facet | Tosca Mori Lisa Giovannelli Anna Rita Bilia Francesca Margheri |
| author_sort | Tosca Mori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inflammatory diseases are common pathological processes caused by various acute and chronic factors, and some of them are autoimmune diseases. Exosomes are fundamental extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cells, which contain a series of constituents, i.e., cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins (actin, tubulin, and histones), nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, and DNA), lipids (diacylglycerophosphates, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and ceramide), and other bioactive components (cytokines, signal transduction proteins, enzymes, antigen presentation and membrane transport/fusion molecules, and adhesion molecules). This review will be a synopsis of the knowledge on the contribution of exosomes from different cell sources as possible therapeutic agents against inflammation, focusing on several inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, intestinal bowel disease, asthma, and liver and kidney injuries. Current knowledge indicates that the role of exosomes in the therapy of inflammation and in inflammatory diseases could be distinctive. The main limitations to their clinical translation are still production, isolation, and storage. Additionally, there is an urgent need to personalize the treatments in terms of the selection of exosomes; their dosages and routes of administration; and a deeper knowledge about their biodistribution, type and incidence of adverse events, and long-term effects of exosomes. In conclusion, exosomes can be a very promising next-generation therapeutic option, superior to synthetic nanocarriers and cell therapy, and can represent a new strategy of effective, safe, versatile, and selective delivery systems in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:15:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d70f1f3474db4b9db806525578824c4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:15:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d70f1f3474db4b9db806525578824c4c2023-11-19T12:27:28ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-09-01159227610.3390/pharmaceutics15092276Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory DiseasesTosca Mori0Lisa Giovannelli1Anna Rita Bilia2Francesca Margheri3Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences (Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, ItalyInflammatory diseases are common pathological processes caused by various acute and chronic factors, and some of them are autoimmune diseases. Exosomes are fundamental extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cells, which contain a series of constituents, i.e., cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins (actin, tubulin, and histones), nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, and DNA), lipids (diacylglycerophosphates, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and ceramide), and other bioactive components (cytokines, signal transduction proteins, enzymes, antigen presentation and membrane transport/fusion molecules, and adhesion molecules). This review will be a synopsis of the knowledge on the contribution of exosomes from different cell sources as possible therapeutic agents against inflammation, focusing on several inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, intestinal bowel disease, asthma, and liver and kidney injuries. Current knowledge indicates that the role of exosomes in the therapy of inflammation and in inflammatory diseases could be distinctive. The main limitations to their clinical translation are still production, isolation, and storage. Additionally, there is an urgent need to personalize the treatments in terms of the selection of exosomes; their dosages and routes of administration; and a deeper knowledge about their biodistribution, type and incidence of adverse events, and long-term effects of exosomes. In conclusion, exosomes can be a very promising next-generation therapeutic option, superior to synthetic nanocarriers and cell therapy, and can represent a new strategy of effective, safe, versatile, and selective delivery systems in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/9/2276extracellular vesiclesexosomeschemical compositionmiRNAnanocarriersinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Tosca Mori Lisa Giovannelli Anna Rita Bilia Francesca Margheri Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases Pharmaceutics extracellular vesicles exosomes chemical composition miRNA nanocarriers inflammation |
| title | Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_full | Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_short | Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_sort | exosomes potential next generation nanocarriers for the therapy of inflammatory diseases |
| topic | extracellular vesicles exosomes chemical composition miRNA nanocarriers inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/9/2276 |
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