Taccalonolides: A Novel Class of Microtubule-Stabilizing Anticancer Agents
Microtubule stabilizing agents, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel have been among the most used chemotherapeutic agents in the last decades for the treatment of a wide range of cancers in the clinic. One of the concerns that limit their use in clinical practice is their intrinsic and ac...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/4/920 |
| _version_ | 1797395672100503552 |
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| author | Xiaoyan Chen Angela Winstead Hongtao Yu Jiangnan Peng |
| author_facet | Xiaoyan Chen Angela Winstead Hongtao Yu Jiangnan Peng |
| author_sort | Xiaoyan Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microtubule stabilizing agents, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel have been among the most used chemotherapeutic agents in the last decades for the treatment of a wide range of cancers in the clinic. One of the concerns that limit their use in clinical practice is their intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, which is common to most anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. Taccalonolides are a new class of microtubule stabilizers isolated from the roots of a few species in the genus of <i>Tacca</i>. In early studies, taccalonolides demonstrated different effects on interphase and mitotic microtubules from those of paclitaxel and laulimalide suggesting a unique mechanism of action. This prompts the exploration of new taccalonolides with various functionalities through the identification of minor constituents of natural origin and semi-synthesis. The experiments on the new highly potent taccalonolides indicated that taccalonolides possessed a unique mechanism of covalently binding to the microtubule. An X-ray diffraction analysis of a crystal of taccalonolides AJ binding to tubulin indicated that the covalent binding site is at β-tubulin D226. Taccalonolides circumvent all three mechanisms of taxane drug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. To improve the activity, the structure modification through semi-synthesis was conducted and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) was analyzed based on natural and semi-synthetical taccalonolides. The C22–C23 epoxide can significantly increase the antiproliferation potency of taccalonolides due to the covalent link of C22 and the carboxylic group of D226. Great progress has been seen in the last few years in the understanding of the mechanism of this class of microtube-stabilizing agents. This review summarizes the structure diversity, structure-activity relationships (SARs), mechanism of action, and in vivo activities of taccalonolides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:38:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d712af4a8aaf42cebeb8e97882271ab0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:38:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-d712af4a8aaf42cebeb8e97882271ab02023-12-11T17:59:18ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-02-0113492010.3390/cancers13040920Taccalonolides: A Novel Class of Microtubule-Stabilizing Anticancer AgentsXiaoyan Chen0Angela Winstead1Hongtao Yu2Jiangnan Peng3Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USADepartment of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USADepartment of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USADepartment of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USAMicrotubule stabilizing agents, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel have been among the most used chemotherapeutic agents in the last decades for the treatment of a wide range of cancers in the clinic. One of the concerns that limit their use in clinical practice is their intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, which is common to most anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. Taccalonolides are a new class of microtubule stabilizers isolated from the roots of a few species in the genus of <i>Tacca</i>. In early studies, taccalonolides demonstrated different effects on interphase and mitotic microtubules from those of paclitaxel and laulimalide suggesting a unique mechanism of action. This prompts the exploration of new taccalonolides with various functionalities through the identification of minor constituents of natural origin and semi-synthesis. The experiments on the new highly potent taccalonolides indicated that taccalonolides possessed a unique mechanism of covalently binding to the microtubule. An X-ray diffraction analysis of a crystal of taccalonolides AJ binding to tubulin indicated that the covalent binding site is at β-tubulin D226. Taccalonolides circumvent all three mechanisms of taxane drug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. To improve the activity, the structure modification through semi-synthesis was conducted and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) was analyzed based on natural and semi-synthetical taccalonolides. The C22–C23 epoxide can significantly increase the antiproliferation potency of taccalonolides due to the covalent link of C22 and the carboxylic group of D226. Great progress has been seen in the last few years in the understanding of the mechanism of this class of microtube-stabilizing agents. This review summarizes the structure diversity, structure-activity relationships (SARs), mechanism of action, and in vivo activities of taccalonolides.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/4/920taccalonolidemicrotubule stabilizeranticancer agentdrug resistance |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoyan Chen Angela Winstead Hongtao Yu Jiangnan Peng Taccalonolides: A Novel Class of Microtubule-Stabilizing Anticancer Agents Cancers taccalonolide microtubule stabilizer anticancer agent drug resistance |
| title | Taccalonolides: A Novel Class of Microtubule-Stabilizing Anticancer Agents |
| title_full | Taccalonolides: A Novel Class of Microtubule-Stabilizing Anticancer Agents |
| title_fullStr | Taccalonolides: A Novel Class of Microtubule-Stabilizing Anticancer Agents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Taccalonolides: A Novel Class of Microtubule-Stabilizing Anticancer Agents |
| title_short | Taccalonolides: A Novel Class of Microtubule-Stabilizing Anticancer Agents |
| title_sort | taccalonolides a novel class of microtubule stabilizing anticancer agents |
| topic | taccalonolide microtubule stabilizer anticancer agent drug resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/4/920 |
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