Deposition of Nickel-Based Superalloy Claddings on Low Alloy Structural Steel by Direct Laser Deposition
In this study, direct laser deposition (DLD) of nickel-based superalloy powders (Inconel 625) on structural steel (42CrMo4) was analysed. Cladding layers were produced by varying the main processing conditions: laser power, scanning speed, feed rate, and preheating. The processing window was establi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1326 |
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| author | André Alves Ferreira Rui Loureiro Amaral Pedro Correia Romio João Manuel Cruz Ana Rosanete Reis Manuel Fernando Vieira |
| author_facet | André Alves Ferreira Rui Loureiro Amaral Pedro Correia Romio João Manuel Cruz Ana Rosanete Reis Manuel Fernando Vieira |
| author_sort | André Alves Ferreira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, direct laser deposition (DLD) of nickel-based superalloy powders (Inconel 625) on structural steel (42CrMo4) was analysed. Cladding layers were produced by varying the main processing conditions: laser power, scanning speed, feed rate, and preheating. The processing window was established based on conditions that assured deposited layers without significant structural defects and a dilution between 15 and 30%. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction were performed for microstructural characterisation. The Vickers hardness test was used to analyse the mechanical response of the optimised cladding layers. The results highlight the influence of preheating on the microstructure and mechanical responses, particularly in the heat-affected zone. Substrate preheating to 300 °C has a strong effect on the cladding/substrate interface region, affecting the microstructure and the hardness distribution. Preheating also reduced the formation of the deleterious Laves phase in the cladding and altered the martensite microstructure in the heat-affected zone, with a substantial decrease in hardness. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:35:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d71624a53e414e43b1dfd0e528a0ab95 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:35:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-d71624a53e414e43b1dfd0e528a0ab952023-11-22T08:42:54ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-08-01118132610.3390/met11081326Deposition of Nickel-Based Superalloy Claddings on Low Alloy Structural Steel by Direct Laser DepositionAndré Alves Ferreira0Rui Loureiro Amaral1Pedro Correia Romio2João Manuel Cruz3Ana Rosanete Reis4Manuel Fernando Vieira5Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLAETA/INEGI—Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalSERMEC-Group, R. de Montezelo 540, 4425-348 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalFaculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalIn this study, direct laser deposition (DLD) of nickel-based superalloy powders (Inconel 625) on structural steel (42CrMo4) was analysed. Cladding layers were produced by varying the main processing conditions: laser power, scanning speed, feed rate, and preheating. The processing window was established based on conditions that assured deposited layers without significant structural defects and a dilution between 15 and 30%. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction were performed for microstructural characterisation. The Vickers hardness test was used to analyse the mechanical response of the optimised cladding layers. The results highlight the influence of preheating on the microstructure and mechanical responses, particularly in the heat-affected zone. Substrate preheating to 300 °C has a strong effect on the cladding/substrate interface region, affecting the microstructure and the hardness distribution. Preheating also reduced the formation of the deleterious Laves phase in the cladding and altered the martensite microstructure in the heat-affected zone, with a substantial decrease in hardness.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1326direct laser depositionInconel 625parametrisationmicrostructuremicrohardnesspreheating |
| spellingShingle | André Alves Ferreira Rui Loureiro Amaral Pedro Correia Romio João Manuel Cruz Ana Rosanete Reis Manuel Fernando Vieira Deposition of Nickel-Based Superalloy Claddings on Low Alloy Structural Steel by Direct Laser Deposition Metals direct laser deposition Inconel 625 parametrisation microstructure microhardness preheating |
| title | Deposition of Nickel-Based Superalloy Claddings on Low Alloy Structural Steel by Direct Laser Deposition |
| title_full | Deposition of Nickel-Based Superalloy Claddings on Low Alloy Structural Steel by Direct Laser Deposition |
| title_fullStr | Deposition of Nickel-Based Superalloy Claddings on Low Alloy Structural Steel by Direct Laser Deposition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deposition of Nickel-Based Superalloy Claddings on Low Alloy Structural Steel by Direct Laser Deposition |
| title_short | Deposition of Nickel-Based Superalloy Claddings on Low Alloy Structural Steel by Direct Laser Deposition |
| title_sort | deposition of nickel based superalloy claddings on low alloy structural steel by direct laser deposition |
| topic | direct laser deposition Inconel 625 parametrisation microstructure microhardness preheating |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1326 |
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