SNP in <i>DFR1</i> Coding Sequence Is Tightly Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabbage (<i>B. oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> f. <i>alba</i>) at Low Temperature
Keeping green leaf color at the time of harvest is one of the important traits for breeding of <i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> f. <i>alba</i>, and this trait is related to low anthocyanin contents. To understand the differential accumulation of antho...
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/4/602 |
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| author | Hayoung Song Jong-In Park Byung-Ho Hwang Hankuil Yi HyeRan Kim Yoonkang Hur |
| author_facet | Hayoung Song Jong-In Park Byung-Ho Hwang Hankuil Yi HyeRan Kim Yoonkang Hur |
| author_sort | Hayoung Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Keeping green leaf color at the time of harvest is one of the important traits for breeding of <i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> f. <i>alba</i>, and this trait is related to low anthocyanin contents. To understand the differential accumulation of anthocyanins in cabbage, we selected high anthocyanin accumulators (HAAs) and low anthocyanin accumulator (LAAs) of cabbages and examined the anthocyanin content and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Among many genes investigated, <i>BoDFR1</i> was found to be closely related to anthocyanin accumulation, even under low temperature (LT) conditions. <i>BoDFR1</i> sequence analyses between HAAs and LAAs revealed that there is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (1118T/A) in the coding sequence, which substitutes one amino acid from Leu261 to His261; we named <i>BoDFR1</i> with His261 substitution as <i>BoDFR1v</i>. This amino acid substitution did not affect dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) activity and substrate specificity, but the polymorphism showed tight association to the <i>BoDFR1</i> expression, i.e., high level expression of <i>BoDFR1</i> and low level expression of <i>BoDFR1v</i> under LT conditions. The high levels of <i>BoDFR1</i> expression were due to the high levels of <i>BoMYB114</i> and <i>BobHLH</i> expressions combined with low level expression of <i>BoMYBL2</i>, a repressor <i>MYB</i>. On the other hand, low levels of <i>BoDFR1v</i> expression seemed to be related to very low level expressions of <i>BoMYB114</i> and <i>BobHLH</i> combined with a high level expression of <i>BoMYBL2</i>. It seems that different expression levels of these regulatory genes for MBW (MYB-bHLH-WD40) complex between HAAs and LAAs regulate <i>BoDFR</i> expression and anthocyanin accumulation. Using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) between <i>BoDFR1</i> and <i>BoDFR1v</i>, molecular markers for PCR and high resolution melt analyses were developed and validated to distinguish between HAAs and LAAs. Combined use of the <i>BoDFR1</i> SNP marker with other stress markers, such as a cold tolerant marker, will greatly improve cabbage breeding. |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:16:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d719b9d9a86e4ba989dd8bb0ab09259d2023-11-19T22:32:59ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-04-0110460210.3390/agronomy10040602SNP in <i>DFR1</i> Coding Sequence Is Tightly Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabbage (<i>B. oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> f. <i>alba</i>) at Low TemperatureHayoung Song0Jong-In Park1Byung-Ho Hwang2Hankuil Yi3HyeRan Kim4Yoonkang Hur5Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, KoreaBiotechnology and Breeding Institute of Asia Seed Co., Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 17414, KoreaDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, KoreaDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaKeeping green leaf color at the time of harvest is one of the important traits for breeding of <i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> f. <i>alba</i>, and this trait is related to low anthocyanin contents. To understand the differential accumulation of anthocyanins in cabbage, we selected high anthocyanin accumulators (HAAs) and low anthocyanin accumulator (LAAs) of cabbages and examined the anthocyanin content and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Among many genes investigated, <i>BoDFR1</i> was found to be closely related to anthocyanin accumulation, even under low temperature (LT) conditions. <i>BoDFR1</i> sequence analyses between HAAs and LAAs revealed that there is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (1118T/A) in the coding sequence, which substitutes one amino acid from Leu261 to His261; we named <i>BoDFR1</i> with His261 substitution as <i>BoDFR1v</i>. This amino acid substitution did not affect dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) activity and substrate specificity, but the polymorphism showed tight association to the <i>BoDFR1</i> expression, i.e., high level expression of <i>BoDFR1</i> and low level expression of <i>BoDFR1v</i> under LT conditions. The high levels of <i>BoDFR1</i> expression were due to the high levels of <i>BoMYB114</i> and <i>BobHLH</i> expressions combined with low level expression of <i>BoMYBL2</i>, a repressor <i>MYB</i>. On the other hand, low levels of <i>BoDFR1v</i> expression seemed to be related to very low level expressions of <i>BoMYB114</i> and <i>BobHLH</i> combined with a high level expression of <i>BoMYBL2</i>. It seems that different expression levels of these regulatory genes for MBW (MYB-bHLH-WD40) complex between HAAs and LAAs regulate <i>BoDFR</i> expression and anthocyanin accumulation. Using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) between <i>BoDFR1</i> and <i>BoDFR1v</i>, molecular markers for PCR and high resolution melt analyses were developed and validated to distinguish between HAAs and LAAs. Combined use of the <i>BoDFR1</i> SNP marker with other stress markers, such as a cold tolerant marker, will greatly improve cabbage breeding.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/4/602dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR)anthocyanin contentallelic variationsingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)cabbage |
| spellingShingle | Hayoung Song Jong-In Park Byung-Ho Hwang Hankuil Yi HyeRan Kim Yoonkang Hur SNP in <i>DFR1</i> Coding Sequence Is Tightly Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabbage (<i>B. oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> f. <i>alba</i>) at Low Temperature Agronomy dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) anthocyanin content allelic variation single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) cabbage |
| title | SNP in <i>DFR1</i> Coding Sequence Is Tightly Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabbage (<i>B. oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> f. <i>alba</i>) at Low Temperature |
| title_full | SNP in <i>DFR1</i> Coding Sequence Is Tightly Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabbage (<i>B. oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> f. <i>alba</i>) at Low Temperature |
| title_fullStr | SNP in <i>DFR1</i> Coding Sequence Is Tightly Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabbage (<i>B. oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> f. <i>alba</i>) at Low Temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed | SNP in <i>DFR1</i> Coding Sequence Is Tightly Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabbage (<i>B. oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> f. <i>alba</i>) at Low Temperature |
| title_short | SNP in <i>DFR1</i> Coding Sequence Is Tightly Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabbage (<i>B. oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> f. <i>alba</i>) at Low Temperature |
| title_sort | snp in i dfr1 i coding sequence is tightly associated with anthocyanin accumulation in cabbage i b oleracea i var i capitata i f i alba i at low temperature |
| topic | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) anthocyanin content allelic variation single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) cabbage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/4/602 |
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