Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water and Sewage Effluent Using Different TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanomaterials
Pharmaceuticals are widely used and often discharged without metabolism into the aquatic systems. The photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical compounds propranolol, mebeverine, and carbamazepine was studied using different titanium dioxide nanostructures suspended in water under UV and UV-visib...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/2/135 |
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| author | Amir Hossein Navidpour Mohammad Boshir Ahmed John L. Zhou |
| author_facet | Amir Hossein Navidpour Mohammad Boshir Ahmed John L. Zhou |
| author_sort | Amir Hossein Navidpour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pharmaceuticals are widely used and often discharged without metabolism into the aquatic systems. The photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical compounds propranolol, mebeverine, and carbamazepine was studied using different titanium dioxide nanostructures suspended in water under UV and UV-visible irradiation. Among three different photocatalysts, the degradation was most effective by using Degussa P25 TiO<sub>2</sub>, followed by Hombikat UV100 and Aldrich TiO<sub>2</sub>. The photocatalytic performance was dependent on photocatalyst dosage, with an optimum concentration of 150 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The natural aquatic colloids were shown to enhance the extent of photocatalysis, and the effect was correlated with their aromatic carbon content. In addition, the photocatalysis of pharmaceuticals was enhanced by the presence of nitrate, but inhibited by the presence of 2-propanol, indicating the importance of hydroxyl radicals. Under optimum conditions, the pharmaceuticals were rapidly degraded, with a half-life of 1.9 min, 2.1 min, and 3.2 min for propranolol, mebeverine, and carbamazepine, respectively. In treating sewage effluent samples, the photocatalytic rate constants for propranolol (0.28 min<sup>−1</sup>), mebeverine (0.21 min<sup>−1</sup>), and carbamazepine (0.15 min<sup>−1</sup>) were similar to those in water samples, demonstrating the potential of photocatalysis as a clean technology for the effective removal of pharmaceuticals from sewage effluent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:39:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d729dd689ea54c69a4ebefcd7092d834 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:39:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-d729dd689ea54c69a4ebefcd7092d8342024-01-26T17:57:57ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-01-0114213510.3390/nano14020135Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water and Sewage Effluent Using Different TiO<sub>2</sub> NanomaterialsAmir Hossein Navidpour0Mohammad Boshir Ahmed1John L. Zhou2Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, AustraliaInstitute for Sustainability, Energy and Resources (ISER), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, SA 5005, AustraliaCentre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, AustraliaPharmaceuticals are widely used and often discharged without metabolism into the aquatic systems. The photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical compounds propranolol, mebeverine, and carbamazepine was studied using different titanium dioxide nanostructures suspended in water under UV and UV-visible irradiation. Among three different photocatalysts, the degradation was most effective by using Degussa P25 TiO<sub>2</sub>, followed by Hombikat UV100 and Aldrich TiO<sub>2</sub>. The photocatalytic performance was dependent on photocatalyst dosage, with an optimum concentration of 150 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The natural aquatic colloids were shown to enhance the extent of photocatalysis, and the effect was correlated with their aromatic carbon content. In addition, the photocatalysis of pharmaceuticals was enhanced by the presence of nitrate, but inhibited by the presence of 2-propanol, indicating the importance of hydroxyl radicals. Under optimum conditions, the pharmaceuticals were rapidly degraded, with a half-life of 1.9 min, 2.1 min, and 3.2 min for propranolol, mebeverine, and carbamazepine, respectively. In treating sewage effluent samples, the photocatalytic rate constants for propranolol (0.28 min<sup>−1</sup>), mebeverine (0.21 min<sup>−1</sup>), and carbamazepine (0.15 min<sup>−1</sup>) were similar to those in water samples, demonstrating the potential of photocatalysis as a clean technology for the effective removal of pharmaceuticals from sewage effluent.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/2/135colloidspharmaceuticalsphotocatalysissewage effluenttitanium dioxide |
| spellingShingle | Amir Hossein Navidpour Mohammad Boshir Ahmed John L. Zhou Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water and Sewage Effluent Using Different TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanomaterials Nanomaterials colloids pharmaceuticals photocatalysis sewage effluent titanium dioxide |
| title | Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water and Sewage Effluent Using Different TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanomaterials |
| title_full | Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water and Sewage Effluent Using Different TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanomaterials |
| title_fullStr | Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water and Sewage Effluent Using Different TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanomaterials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water and Sewage Effluent Using Different TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanomaterials |
| title_short | Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water and Sewage Effluent Using Different TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanomaterials |
| title_sort | photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical residues from water and sewage effluent using different tio sub 2 sub nanomaterials |
| topic | colloids pharmaceuticals photocatalysis sewage effluent titanium dioxide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/2/135 |
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