Mitochondria-Rich Cells: A Novel Type of Concealed Cell in the Small Intestine of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (<i>Pelodiscus Sinensis</i>)
Although some studies have been conducted over the past few decades, the existence of mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) in reptiles is still obscure. This is the first study to uncover the presence of MRCs in the small intestine of Chinese soft-shelled turtles. In this study, we investigated the ultras...
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/10/717 |
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| author | Waseem Ali Vistro Yifei Liu Mengdi Xu Ping Yang Abdul Haseeb Yufei Huang Xuebing Bai Liang Yu Noor Samad Gandahi Imran Tarique Qiusheng Chen |
| author_facet | Waseem Ali Vistro Yifei Liu Mengdi Xu Ping Yang Abdul Haseeb Yufei Huang Xuebing Bai Liang Yu Noor Samad Gandahi Imran Tarique Qiusheng Chen |
| author_sort | Waseem Ali Vistro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although some studies have been conducted over the past few decades, the existence of mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) in reptiles is still obscure. This is the first study to uncover the presence of MRCs in the small intestine of Chinese soft-shelled turtles. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructural characteristics of MRCs and the secretion of different ion transport proteins in the small intestine of <i>Pelodiscus sinensis.</i> Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ultrastructural features of MRCs are clearly different from those of other cells. The cytoplasmic density of MRCs was higher than absorptive epithelial cells (AECs) and goblet cells (GCs). MRCs possessed abundant heterogeneous mitochondria and an extensive tubular system in the cytoplasm, however, the AECs and GCs completely lacked a tubular system. Statistical analysis showed that the diameter and quantification of mitochondria were highly significant in MRCs. Mitochondrial vacuolization and despoiled mitochondria were closely associated with autophagosomes in MRCs. The multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and the exosome secretion pathway were observed in MRCs. Immunohistochemical staining of ion transport proteins indicated positive immunoreactivity of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+_</sup>ATPase (NKA) and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>/2Cl<sup>−</sup> cotransporter (NKCC) at the basal region of the mucosal surface. Likewise, the immunofluorescence staining results showed a strong positive localization of NKA, NKCC, and carbonic anhydrase (CA) at the basal and apical region of the mucosal surface of small intestine. Our findings suggest that MRCs provide support and regulate cellular ions for intestinal homeostasis and provide energy for cellular quality control in intestine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T23:12:03Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T23:12:03Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-d7357afc127747c9a05937ea755d88b02022-12-22T00:08:35ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152019-09-0191071710.3390/ani9100717ani9100717Mitochondria-Rich Cells: A Novel Type of Concealed Cell in the Small Intestine of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (<i>Pelodiscus Sinensis</i>)Waseem Ali Vistro0Yifei Liu1Mengdi Xu2Ping Yang3Abdul Haseeb4Yufei Huang5Xuebing Bai6Liang Yu7Noor Samad Gandahi8Imran Tarique9Qiusheng Chen10MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, ChinaAlthough some studies have been conducted over the past few decades, the existence of mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) in reptiles is still obscure. This is the first study to uncover the presence of MRCs in the small intestine of Chinese soft-shelled turtles. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructural characteristics of MRCs and the secretion of different ion transport proteins in the small intestine of <i>Pelodiscus sinensis.</i> Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ultrastructural features of MRCs are clearly different from those of other cells. The cytoplasmic density of MRCs was higher than absorptive epithelial cells (AECs) and goblet cells (GCs). MRCs possessed abundant heterogeneous mitochondria and an extensive tubular system in the cytoplasm, however, the AECs and GCs completely lacked a tubular system. Statistical analysis showed that the diameter and quantification of mitochondria were highly significant in MRCs. Mitochondrial vacuolization and despoiled mitochondria were closely associated with autophagosomes in MRCs. The multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and the exosome secretion pathway were observed in MRCs. Immunohistochemical staining of ion transport proteins indicated positive immunoreactivity of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+_</sup>ATPase (NKA) and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>/2Cl<sup>−</sup> cotransporter (NKCC) at the basal region of the mucosal surface. Likewise, the immunofluorescence staining results showed a strong positive localization of NKA, NKCC, and carbonic anhydrase (CA) at the basal and apical region of the mucosal surface of small intestine. Our findings suggest that MRCs provide support and regulate cellular ions for intestinal homeostasis and provide energy for cellular quality control in intestine.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/10/717MRCultrastructureNa<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+_</sup>ATPaseNa<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>/2Cl<sup>−</sup> cotransportercarbonic anhydrasesmall intestineChinese soft-shelled turtle |
| spellingShingle | Waseem Ali Vistro Yifei Liu Mengdi Xu Ping Yang Abdul Haseeb Yufei Huang Xuebing Bai Liang Yu Noor Samad Gandahi Imran Tarique Qiusheng Chen Mitochondria-Rich Cells: A Novel Type of Concealed Cell in the Small Intestine of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (<i>Pelodiscus Sinensis</i>) Animals MRC ultrastructure Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+_</sup>ATPase Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>/2Cl<sup>−</sup> cotransporter carbonic anhydrase small intestine Chinese soft-shelled turtle |
| title | Mitochondria-Rich Cells: A Novel Type of Concealed Cell in the Small Intestine of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (<i>Pelodiscus Sinensis</i>) |
| title_full | Mitochondria-Rich Cells: A Novel Type of Concealed Cell in the Small Intestine of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (<i>Pelodiscus Sinensis</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondria-Rich Cells: A Novel Type of Concealed Cell in the Small Intestine of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (<i>Pelodiscus Sinensis</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondria-Rich Cells: A Novel Type of Concealed Cell in the Small Intestine of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (<i>Pelodiscus Sinensis</i>) |
| title_short | Mitochondria-Rich Cells: A Novel Type of Concealed Cell in the Small Intestine of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (<i>Pelodiscus Sinensis</i>) |
| title_sort | mitochondria rich cells a novel type of concealed cell in the small intestine of chinese soft shelled turtles i pelodiscus sinensis i |
| topic | MRC ultrastructure Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+_</sup>ATPase Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>/2Cl<sup>−</sup> cotransporter carbonic anhydrase small intestine Chinese soft-shelled turtle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/10/717 |
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