Effects of Sowing Date Variation on Winter Wheat Yield: Conclusions for Suitable Sowing Dates for High and Stable Yield
Timely sowing and harvesting play important roles in agricultural production. The appropriate management decisions are necessary to cope with climate change and ensure high and stable crop yields. This study analyzed the effects of sowing date on the growth process of winter wheat and quantified the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/4/991 |
| _version_ | 1797606810732986368 |
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| author | Jiahong Liu Qijin He Guangsheng Zhou Yanling Song Yue Guan Xiao Xiao Weiwei Sun Yuxin Shi Kexin Zhou Sijia Zhou Yaxin Wu Selimai Ma Rongwan Wang |
| author_facet | Jiahong Liu Qijin He Guangsheng Zhou Yanling Song Yue Guan Xiao Xiao Weiwei Sun Yuxin Shi Kexin Zhou Sijia Zhou Yaxin Wu Selimai Ma Rongwan Wang |
| author_sort | Jiahong Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Timely sowing and harvesting play important roles in agricultural production. The appropriate management decisions are necessary to cope with climate change and ensure high and stable crop yields. This study analyzed the effects of sowing date on the growth process of winter wheat and quantified the effects of climate resources and photothermal potential yield on theoretical yield at different stages of winter wheat. The analysis was based on the data from winter wheat interval sowing experiments conducted at the Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorology National Observation and Research Station (Gucheng station) in north China (115°40′ E, 39°08′ N) during 2017–2019. The results showed that: (1) with the delay in sowing date, the growth process of winter wheat significantly advanced, the proportion of vegetative growth period significantly reduced (0.19% for per day delay), the proportion of reproductive growth period (RGP) significantly increased (0.12% for per day delay), and the prewintering light and temperature resources significantly reduced (12.2 °C·d accumulated temperature and 19.0 MJ·m<sup>−2</sup> solar radiation for per day delay); (2) the theoretical yield of winter wheat showed a significant exponential relationship with the photothermal potential yield of the whole growth period: the minimum photothermal potential for yield formation was 26.6 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>, and the maximum theoretical yield was 12.6 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>; and (3) the wheat yield and yield stability were highest when the RGP photothermal potential yield was 16.0 t·ha<sup>−1</sup> and the prewintering active accumulated temperature was 400 °C·d. This study also proposed a method to estimate the suitable sowing and harvesting dates to achieve high and stable yield of winter wheat, showing that the suitable sowing dates of winter wheat at Gucheng station from 1997 to 2021 ranged from 1 to 15 October, with no significant interannual variation; the suitable harvesting period ranged from 5 June to 10 July and showed a trend of gradual advance with the delay of the year. The results of the study provide a reference for sowing date adjustment of crops to adapt to climate change. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:20:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d74154bb4989433caaf01e175d8ec7d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:20:20Z |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-d74154bb4989433caaf01e175d8ec7d12023-11-17T17:56:00ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-03-0113499110.3390/agronomy13040991Effects of Sowing Date Variation on Winter Wheat Yield: Conclusions for Suitable Sowing Dates for High and Stable YieldJiahong Liu0Qijin He1Guangsheng Zhou2Yanling Song3Yue Guan4Xiao Xiao5Weiwei Sun6Yuxin Shi7Kexin Zhou8Sijia Zhou9Yaxin Wu10Selimai Ma11Rongwan Wang12College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaQianxinan Meteorological Bureau, Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 562499, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaTimely sowing and harvesting play important roles in agricultural production. The appropriate management decisions are necessary to cope with climate change and ensure high and stable crop yields. This study analyzed the effects of sowing date on the growth process of winter wheat and quantified the effects of climate resources and photothermal potential yield on theoretical yield at different stages of winter wheat. The analysis was based on the data from winter wheat interval sowing experiments conducted at the Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorology National Observation and Research Station (Gucheng station) in north China (115°40′ E, 39°08′ N) during 2017–2019. The results showed that: (1) with the delay in sowing date, the growth process of winter wheat significantly advanced, the proportion of vegetative growth period significantly reduced (0.19% for per day delay), the proportion of reproductive growth period (RGP) significantly increased (0.12% for per day delay), and the prewintering light and temperature resources significantly reduced (12.2 °C·d accumulated temperature and 19.0 MJ·m<sup>−2</sup> solar radiation for per day delay); (2) the theoretical yield of winter wheat showed a significant exponential relationship with the photothermal potential yield of the whole growth period: the minimum photothermal potential for yield formation was 26.6 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>, and the maximum theoretical yield was 12.6 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>; and (3) the wheat yield and yield stability were highest when the RGP photothermal potential yield was 16.0 t·ha<sup>−1</sup> and the prewintering active accumulated temperature was 400 °C·d. This study also proposed a method to estimate the suitable sowing and harvesting dates to achieve high and stable yield of winter wheat, showing that the suitable sowing dates of winter wheat at Gucheng station from 1997 to 2021 ranged from 1 to 15 October, with no significant interannual variation; the suitable harvesting period ranged from 5 June to 10 July and showed a trend of gradual advance with the delay of the year. The results of the study provide a reference for sowing date adjustment of crops to adapt to climate change.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/4/991winter wheatyieldsuitable sowing datesuitable harvesting date |
| spellingShingle | Jiahong Liu Qijin He Guangsheng Zhou Yanling Song Yue Guan Xiao Xiao Weiwei Sun Yuxin Shi Kexin Zhou Sijia Zhou Yaxin Wu Selimai Ma Rongwan Wang Effects of Sowing Date Variation on Winter Wheat Yield: Conclusions for Suitable Sowing Dates for High and Stable Yield Agronomy winter wheat yield suitable sowing date suitable harvesting date |
| title | Effects of Sowing Date Variation on Winter Wheat Yield: Conclusions for Suitable Sowing Dates for High and Stable Yield |
| title_full | Effects of Sowing Date Variation on Winter Wheat Yield: Conclusions for Suitable Sowing Dates for High and Stable Yield |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Sowing Date Variation on Winter Wheat Yield: Conclusions for Suitable Sowing Dates for High and Stable Yield |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Sowing Date Variation on Winter Wheat Yield: Conclusions for Suitable Sowing Dates for High and Stable Yield |
| title_short | Effects of Sowing Date Variation on Winter Wheat Yield: Conclusions for Suitable Sowing Dates for High and Stable Yield |
| title_sort | effects of sowing date variation on winter wheat yield conclusions for suitable sowing dates for high and stable yield |
| topic | winter wheat yield suitable sowing date suitable harvesting date |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/4/991 |
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