The Isolation, Identification, and Insecticidal Activities of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes (<i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>) and Their Symbiotic Bacteria (<i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i>) against the Larvae of <i>Pieris brassicae</i>
The cabbage butterfly, <i>Pieris brassicae</i> Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is an oligophagous and invasive insect pest of various economically important cole crops. Recently, there have been reports about an increase in the incidence and damaging activities of cabbage butterflies,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/8/874 |
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| author | Preety Tomar Neelam Thakur Avtar Kaur Sidhu Boni Amin Laskar Abeer Hashem Graciela Dolores Avila-Quezada Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah |
| author_facet | Preety Tomar Neelam Thakur Avtar Kaur Sidhu Boni Amin Laskar Abeer Hashem Graciela Dolores Avila-Quezada Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah |
| author_sort | Preety Tomar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The cabbage butterfly, <i>Pieris brassicae</i> Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is an oligophagous and invasive insect pest of various economically important cole crops. Recently, there have been reports about an increase in the incidence and damaging activities of cabbage butterflies, signifying that the existing control methods fail to meet the grower’s expectations. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their endosymbiotic bacteria have immense potential for the control of a wide range of insect pests. In this investigation, the EPN species <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> and its associated bacterial species, <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i>, were isolated and identified through morphological and molecular techniques. The laboratory bioassay experiment was performed using <i>S. carpocapsae</i> and <i>X. nematophila</i> against the 3rd instar larvae of <i>P. brassicae</i> (25 ± 1 °C; RH = 60%). The efficacy of EPN suspension (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 IJs/mL) and bacterial suspension (1 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 2 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 3 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 4 × 10<sup>4</sup>, and 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL) via contact and oral routes showed significant mortality among the larvae. Surprisingly, 100% insect mortality within 48 h was recorded in the bacterial inoculum 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL. However, in the case of EPNs (<i>S. carpocapsae</i>), 150 IJs/mL caused the highest, 92%, larval mortality rate after 96 h. The results signify that both indigenous EPNs and their associated bacteria can provide efficient control against <i>P. brassicae</i> larvae and could effectively contribute to IPM programs. However, further analyses are required to authenticate their effectiveness in field conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:53:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d741c48cbf6a4858a3e04d6ecd9ecae2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:53:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-d741c48cbf6a4858a3e04d6ecd9ecae22023-11-19T01:21:01ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-08-019887410.3390/horticulturae9080874The Isolation, Identification, and Insecticidal Activities of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes (<i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>) and Their Symbiotic Bacteria (<i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i>) against the Larvae of <i>Pieris brassicae</i>Preety Tomar0Neelam Thakur1Avtar Kaur Sidhu2Boni Amin Laskar3Abeer Hashem4Graciela Dolores Avila-Quezada5Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah6Department of Zoology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh 173101, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh 173101, IndiaZoological Survey of India, High Altitude Regional Center (HARC)-Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212, IndiaZoological Survey of India, High Altitude Regional Center (HARC)-Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212, IndiaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaFacultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31350, Chihuahua, MexicoPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaThe cabbage butterfly, <i>Pieris brassicae</i> Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is an oligophagous and invasive insect pest of various economically important cole crops. Recently, there have been reports about an increase in the incidence and damaging activities of cabbage butterflies, signifying that the existing control methods fail to meet the grower’s expectations. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their endosymbiotic bacteria have immense potential for the control of a wide range of insect pests. In this investigation, the EPN species <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> and its associated bacterial species, <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i>, were isolated and identified through morphological and molecular techniques. The laboratory bioassay experiment was performed using <i>S. carpocapsae</i> and <i>X. nematophila</i> against the 3rd instar larvae of <i>P. brassicae</i> (25 ± 1 °C; RH = 60%). The efficacy of EPN suspension (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 IJs/mL) and bacterial suspension (1 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 2 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 3 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 4 × 10<sup>4</sup>, and 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL) via contact and oral routes showed significant mortality among the larvae. Surprisingly, 100% insect mortality within 48 h was recorded in the bacterial inoculum 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL. However, in the case of EPNs (<i>S. carpocapsae</i>), 150 IJs/mL caused the highest, 92%, larval mortality rate after 96 h. The results signify that both indigenous EPNs and their associated bacteria can provide efficient control against <i>P. brassicae</i> larvae and could effectively contribute to IPM programs. However, further analyses are required to authenticate their effectiveness in field conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/8/874diversityentomopathogenic nematodesinfective juveniles<i>Steinernema</i> |
| spellingShingle | Preety Tomar Neelam Thakur Avtar Kaur Sidhu Boni Amin Laskar Abeer Hashem Graciela Dolores Avila-Quezada Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah The Isolation, Identification, and Insecticidal Activities of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes (<i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>) and Their Symbiotic Bacteria (<i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i>) against the Larvae of <i>Pieris brassicae</i> Horticulturae diversity entomopathogenic nematodes infective juveniles <i>Steinernema</i> |
| title | The Isolation, Identification, and Insecticidal Activities of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes (<i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>) and Their Symbiotic Bacteria (<i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i>) against the Larvae of <i>Pieris brassicae</i> |
| title_full | The Isolation, Identification, and Insecticidal Activities of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes (<i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>) and Their Symbiotic Bacteria (<i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i>) against the Larvae of <i>Pieris brassicae</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Isolation, Identification, and Insecticidal Activities of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes (<i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>) and Their Symbiotic Bacteria (<i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i>) against the Larvae of <i>Pieris brassicae</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Isolation, Identification, and Insecticidal Activities of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes (<i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>) and Their Symbiotic Bacteria (<i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i>) against the Larvae of <i>Pieris brassicae</i> |
| title_short | The Isolation, Identification, and Insecticidal Activities of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes (<i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>) and Their Symbiotic Bacteria (<i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i>) against the Larvae of <i>Pieris brassicae</i> |
| title_sort | isolation identification and insecticidal activities of indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes i steinernema carpocapsae i and their symbiotic bacteria i xenorhabdus nematophila i against the larvae of i pieris brassicae i |
| topic | diversity entomopathogenic nematodes infective juveniles <i>Steinernema</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/8/874 |
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