Effect of Modified Natural Filler O-Methylene Phosphonic κ-Carrageenan on Chitosan-Based Polymer Electrolytes
The potential for using O-methylene phosphonic κ-carrageenan (OMPk) as a filler in the chitosan-based polymer electrolyte N-methylene phosphonic chitosan (NMPC) was investigated. OMPk, a derivative of κ-carrageenan, was synthesized via phosphorylation and characterized using infr...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1910 |
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| author | Joy Wei Yi Liew Kee Shyuan Loh Azizan Ahmad Kean Long Lim Wan Ramli Wan Daud |
| author_facet | Joy Wei Yi Liew Kee Shyuan Loh Azizan Ahmad Kean Long Lim Wan Ramli Wan Daud |
| author_sort | Joy Wei Yi Liew |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The potential for using O-methylene phosphonic κ-carrageenan (OMPk) as a filler in the chitosan-based polymer electrolyte N-methylene phosphonic chitosan (NMPC) was investigated. OMPk, a derivative of κ-carrageenan, was synthesized via phosphorylation and characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Both the IR and NMR results confirmed the phosphorylation of the parent carrageenan. The solid polymer electrolyte (SPE)-based NMPC was prepared by solution casting with different weight percentages of OMPk ranging from 2 to 8 wt %. The tensile strength of the polymer membrane increased from 18.02 to 38.95 MPa as the amount of OMPk increased to 6 wt %. However, the increase in the ionic conductivity did not match the increase in the tensile strength. The highest ionic conductivity was achieved with 4 wt % OMPk, which resulted in 1.43 × 10−5 Scm−1. The κ-carrageenan-based OMPk filler strengthened the SPE while maintaining an acceptable level of ionic conductivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:53:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d748ed8046e34b69994c250425324485 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:53:17Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-d748ed8046e34b69994c2504253244852022-12-22T04:23:08ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-07-01117191010.3390/en11071910en11071910Effect of Modified Natural Filler O-Methylene Phosphonic κ-Carrageenan on Chitosan-Based Polymer ElectrolytesJoy Wei Yi Liew0Kee Shyuan Loh1Azizan Ahmad2Kean Long Lim3Wan Ramli Wan Daud4Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaFuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaFuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaFuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaThe potential for using O-methylene phosphonic κ-carrageenan (OMPk) as a filler in the chitosan-based polymer electrolyte N-methylene phosphonic chitosan (NMPC) was investigated. OMPk, a derivative of κ-carrageenan, was synthesized via phosphorylation and characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Both the IR and NMR results confirmed the phosphorylation of the parent carrageenan. The solid polymer electrolyte (SPE)-based NMPC was prepared by solution casting with different weight percentages of OMPk ranging from 2 to 8 wt %. The tensile strength of the polymer membrane increased from 18.02 to 38.95 MPa as the amount of OMPk increased to 6 wt %. However, the increase in the ionic conductivity did not match the increase in the tensile strength. The highest ionic conductivity was achieved with 4 wt % OMPk, which resulted in 1.43 × 10−5 Scm−1. The κ-carrageenan-based OMPk filler strengthened the SPE while maintaining an acceptable level of ionic conductivity.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1910solid polymer electrolytechitosanκ-carrageenan derivativesfillermechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Joy Wei Yi Liew Kee Shyuan Loh Azizan Ahmad Kean Long Lim Wan Ramli Wan Daud Effect of Modified Natural Filler O-Methylene Phosphonic κ-Carrageenan on Chitosan-Based Polymer Electrolytes Energies solid polymer electrolyte chitosan κ-carrageenan derivatives filler mechanical properties |
| title | Effect of Modified Natural Filler O-Methylene Phosphonic κ-Carrageenan on Chitosan-Based Polymer Electrolytes |
| title_full | Effect of Modified Natural Filler O-Methylene Phosphonic κ-Carrageenan on Chitosan-Based Polymer Electrolytes |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Modified Natural Filler O-Methylene Phosphonic κ-Carrageenan on Chitosan-Based Polymer Electrolytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Modified Natural Filler O-Methylene Phosphonic κ-Carrageenan on Chitosan-Based Polymer Electrolytes |
| title_short | Effect of Modified Natural Filler O-Methylene Phosphonic κ-Carrageenan on Chitosan-Based Polymer Electrolytes |
| title_sort | effect of modified natural filler o methylene phosphonic κ carrageenan on chitosan based polymer electrolytes |
| topic | solid polymer electrolyte chitosan κ-carrageenan derivatives filler mechanical properties |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1910 |
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