Characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage AXL1 as a member of the genus Pamexvirus encoding resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole
Abstract Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium capable of causing disease in humans. Antibiotics are largely ineffective against this pathogen due to numerous chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance mechanisms. An alternative treatment option is phage therapy, the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14025-z |
| _version_ | 1811241162926718976 |
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| author | Jaclyn G. McCutcheon Andrea Lin Jonathan J. Dennis |
| author_facet | Jaclyn G. McCutcheon Andrea Lin Jonathan J. Dennis |
| author_sort | Jaclyn G. McCutcheon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium capable of causing disease in humans. Antibiotics are largely ineffective against this pathogen due to numerous chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance mechanisms. An alternative treatment option is phage therapy, the use of bacteriophages to selectively kill target bacteria that are causing infection. To this aim, we isolated the Siphoviridae bacteriophage AXL1 (vB_SmaS-AXL_1) from soil and herein describe its characterization. Host range analysis on a panel of 30 clinical S. maltophilia strains reveals a moderate tropism that includes cross-species infection of Xanthomonas, with AXL1 using the type IV pilus as its host surface receptor for infection. Complete genome sequencing and analysis revealed a 63,962 bp genome encoding 83 putative proteins. Comparative genomics place AXL1 in the genus Pamexvirus, along with seven other phages that infect one of Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas or Xanthomonas species. Functional genomic analyses identified an AXL1-encoded dihydrofolate reductase enzyme that provides additional resistance to the antibiotic combination trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, the current recommended treatment option for S. maltophilia infections. This research characterizes the sixth type IV pilus-binding phage of S. maltophilia and is an example of phage-encoded antibiotic resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:31:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d77285fec146452eb84aafc4caf9f686 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:31:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-d77285fec146452eb84aafc4caf9f6862022-12-22T03:31:10ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-06-0112111810.1038/s41598-022-14025-zCharacterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage AXL1 as a member of the genus Pamexvirus encoding resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazoleJaclyn G. McCutcheon0Andrea Lin1Jonathan J. Dennis2Department of Biological Sciences, University of AlbertaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of AlbertaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of AlbertaAbstract Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium capable of causing disease in humans. Antibiotics are largely ineffective against this pathogen due to numerous chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance mechanisms. An alternative treatment option is phage therapy, the use of bacteriophages to selectively kill target bacteria that are causing infection. To this aim, we isolated the Siphoviridae bacteriophage AXL1 (vB_SmaS-AXL_1) from soil and herein describe its characterization. Host range analysis on a panel of 30 clinical S. maltophilia strains reveals a moderate tropism that includes cross-species infection of Xanthomonas, with AXL1 using the type IV pilus as its host surface receptor for infection. Complete genome sequencing and analysis revealed a 63,962 bp genome encoding 83 putative proteins. Comparative genomics place AXL1 in the genus Pamexvirus, along with seven other phages that infect one of Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas or Xanthomonas species. Functional genomic analyses identified an AXL1-encoded dihydrofolate reductase enzyme that provides additional resistance to the antibiotic combination trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, the current recommended treatment option for S. maltophilia infections. This research characterizes the sixth type IV pilus-binding phage of S. maltophilia and is an example of phage-encoded antibiotic resistance.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14025-z |
| spellingShingle | Jaclyn G. McCutcheon Andrea Lin Jonathan J. Dennis Characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage AXL1 as a member of the genus Pamexvirus encoding resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole Scientific Reports |
| title | Characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage AXL1 as a member of the genus Pamexvirus encoding resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole |
| title_full | Characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage AXL1 as a member of the genus Pamexvirus encoding resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage AXL1 as a member of the genus Pamexvirus encoding resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage AXL1 as a member of the genus Pamexvirus encoding resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole |
| title_short | Characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage AXL1 as a member of the genus Pamexvirus encoding resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole |
| title_sort | characterization of stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage axl1 as a member of the genus pamexvirus encoding resistance to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14025-z |
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