Positive and negative role of negative ions in cosmic exploration
Introduction/purpose: At altitudes of 80 to 40 km, while the spacecraft made of duralumin without a thermal-protective coating was descending from the flight orbit at the first and second cosmic velocities, data were obtained on the increase in density, pressure, and temperature behind the shock...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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University of Defence in Belgrade
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Vojnotehnički Glasnik |
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| Online Access: | https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0042-8469/2021/0042-84692103607G.pdf |
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| author | Leonid I. Gretchikhin |
| author_facet | Leonid I. Gretchikhin |
| author_sort | Leonid I. Gretchikhin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction/purpose: At altitudes of 80 to 40 km, while the spacecraft
made of duralumin without a thermal-protective coating was descending
from the flight orbit at the first and second cosmic velocities, data were
obtained on the increase in density, pressure, and temperature behind the
shock front, as well as on the backout of the shock wave from the surface
of the descending spacecraft.
Methods: Calculations were made of the energy fluxes on the surface of
the spacecraft for every 10 km, for convective and radiative heat transfer,
as well as for the impact of electrons produced due to ionization of
negative ions.
Results: At the first cosmic velocity, the greatest energy flux is realized
under the influence of an electron flux, and at the second cosmic velocity,
radiative heat transfer occurs. In the shock-compressed gas at all the
considered altitudes, pressure increases instantly to a value of 109 ÷ 1011
Pa, which leads to a sequential explosion with increasing power resulting
in shock waves in the surrounding atmosphere and compression waves in
the entire aircraft structure. The last most powerful explosion occurs at an
altitude of approx. 40 km.
Conclusion: The descending aircraft is destroyed into separate small parts
to the size of small dust particles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T17:09:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d77c674ee1824b2a95041c8a5984b671 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0042-8469 2217-4753 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T17:09:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | University of Defence in Belgrade |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vojnotehnički Glasnik |
| spelling | doaj.art-d77c674ee1824b2a95041c8a5984b6712022-12-21T20:13:03ZengUniversity of Defence in BelgradeVojnotehnički Glasnik0042-84692217-47532021-07-0169360763710.5937/vojtehg69-32109Positive and negative role of negative ions in cosmic explorationLeonid I. Gretchikhin 0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-9037Belarusian State Academy of Communications, Minsk, Republic of BelarusIntroduction/purpose: At altitudes of 80 to 40 km, while the spacecraft made of duralumin without a thermal-protective coating was descending from the flight orbit at the first and second cosmic velocities, data were obtained on the increase in density, pressure, and temperature behind the shock front, as well as on the backout of the shock wave from the surface of the descending spacecraft. Methods: Calculations were made of the energy fluxes on the surface of the spacecraft for every 10 km, for convective and radiative heat transfer, as well as for the impact of electrons produced due to ionization of negative ions. Results: At the first cosmic velocity, the greatest energy flux is realized under the influence of an electron flux, and at the second cosmic velocity, radiative heat transfer occurs. In the shock-compressed gas at all the considered altitudes, pressure increases instantly to a value of 109 ÷ 1011 Pa, which leads to a sequential explosion with increasing power resulting in shock waves in the surrounding atmosphere and compression waves in the entire aircraft structure. The last most powerful explosion occurs at an altitude of approx. 40 km. Conclusion: The descending aircraft is destroyed into separate small parts to the size of small dust particles.https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0042-8469/2021/0042-84692103607G.pdfnegative ionsspacecraftchargingconvective heat transferradiative heat transferionization phenomenonshock wavesexplosion |
| spellingShingle | Leonid I. Gretchikhin Positive and negative role of negative ions in cosmic exploration Vojnotehnički Glasnik negative ions spacecraft charging convective heat transfer radiative heat transfer ionization phenomenon shock waves explosion |
| title | Positive and negative role of negative ions in cosmic exploration |
| title_full | Positive and negative role of negative ions in cosmic exploration |
| title_fullStr | Positive and negative role of negative ions in cosmic exploration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Positive and negative role of negative ions in cosmic exploration |
| title_short | Positive and negative role of negative ions in cosmic exploration |
| title_sort | positive and negative role of negative ions in cosmic exploration |
| topic | negative ions spacecraft charging convective heat transfer radiative heat transfer ionization phenomenon shock waves explosion |
| url | https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0042-8469/2021/0042-84692103607G.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leonidigretchikhin positiveandnegativeroleofnegativeionsincosmicexploration |