Split Nitrogen Application Rates for Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Yield and Grain N Using the CSM-CERES-Wheat Model
Crop simulation models can be effective tools to assist with optimization of resources for a particular agroecological zone. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of N rates with different timing of application to wheat crop using prominent varieties using the CSM-CERES-Wheat model o...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1766 |
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| author | Gul Roz Khan Hiba M. Alkharabsheh Mohammad Akmal Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail Nawab Ali Bushra A. Alhammad Muhammad Mehran Anjum Rabia Goher Fazli Wahid Mahmoud F. Seleiman Gerrit Hoogenboom |
| author_facet | Gul Roz Khan Hiba M. Alkharabsheh Mohammad Akmal Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail Nawab Ali Bushra A. Alhammad Muhammad Mehran Anjum Rabia Goher Fazli Wahid Mahmoud F. Seleiman Gerrit Hoogenboom |
| author_sort | Gul Roz Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Crop simulation models can be effective tools to assist with optimization of resources for a particular agroecological zone. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of N rates with different timing of application to wheat crop using prominent varieties using the CSM-CERES-Wheat model of the decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT). Data were focused for yield traits, i.e., number of tillers, number of grains, grain weight, grain yield, biomass, and grain N content. To test the applicability of the CSM-CERES-Wheat version 4.7.5 model for agroclimatic conditions of Peshawar, Pakistan, experimental data from two years of experiments (2016–17 and 2017–18) were used for model calibration and evaluation. The simulation results of two years agreed well with field measured data for three commercial varieties. The model efficiency (R<sup>2</sup>) for wheat varieties was above 0.94 for variables tiller number per unit area (m<sup>−2</sup>), number of grains (m<sup>−2</sup>) and number of grains (spike<sup>−1</sup>), 1000 grain weight (mg), biomass weight (kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), grain yield (kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), and harvest N content (kg ha<sup>−1</sup>). Statistics of cultivars indicated that yield traits, yield, and N can be simulated efficiently for agroecological conditions of Peshawar. Moreover, different N rates and application timings suggested that the application of 140 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> with triple splits timings, i.e., 25% at the sowing, 50% at the tillering, and 25% at the booting stage of the crop, resulted in the maximum yield and N recovery for different commercial wheat varieties. Simulated N losses, according to the model, were highly determined by leaching for experimental conditions where a single N application of 100% or existing double splits timing was applied. The study concluded that 140 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> is most appropriate for wheat crop grown on clay loam soils under a flood irrigation system. However, the N fertilizer has to be given in triple splits of a 1:2:1 ratio at the sowing, tillering, and booting stages of the crop growth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:51Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-d780835d96c34f95ae25c70753dde52b2023-12-01T23:17:23ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-07-01128176610.3390/agronomy12081766Split Nitrogen Application Rates for Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Yield and Grain N Using the CSM-CERES-Wheat ModelGul Roz Khan0Hiba M. Alkharabsheh1Mohammad Akmal2Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail3Nawab Ali4Bushra A. Alhammad5Muhammad Mehran Anjum6Rabia Goher7Fazli Wahid8Mahmoud F. Seleiman9Gerrit Hoogenboom10Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, PakistanDepartment of Water Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, JordanDepartment of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, PakistanDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, PakistanBiology Department, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 292, Riyadh 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, PakistanDepartment of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, PakistanDepartment of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, PakistanPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaFood Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USACrop simulation models can be effective tools to assist with optimization of resources for a particular agroecological zone. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of N rates with different timing of application to wheat crop using prominent varieties using the CSM-CERES-Wheat model of the decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT). Data were focused for yield traits, i.e., number of tillers, number of grains, grain weight, grain yield, biomass, and grain N content. To test the applicability of the CSM-CERES-Wheat version 4.7.5 model for agroclimatic conditions of Peshawar, Pakistan, experimental data from two years of experiments (2016–17 and 2017–18) were used for model calibration and evaluation. The simulation results of two years agreed well with field measured data for three commercial varieties. The model efficiency (R<sup>2</sup>) for wheat varieties was above 0.94 for variables tiller number per unit area (m<sup>−2</sup>), number of grains (m<sup>−2</sup>) and number of grains (spike<sup>−1</sup>), 1000 grain weight (mg), biomass weight (kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), grain yield (kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), and harvest N content (kg ha<sup>−1</sup>). Statistics of cultivars indicated that yield traits, yield, and N can be simulated efficiently for agroecological conditions of Peshawar. Moreover, different N rates and application timings suggested that the application of 140 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> with triple splits timings, i.e., 25% at the sowing, 50% at the tillering, and 25% at the booting stage of the crop, resulted in the maximum yield and N recovery for different commercial wheat varieties. Simulated N losses, according to the model, were highly determined by leaching for experimental conditions where a single N application of 100% or existing double splits timing was applied. The study concluded that 140 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> is most appropriate for wheat crop grown on clay loam soils under a flood irrigation system. However, the N fertilizer has to be given in triple splits of a 1:2:1 ratio at the sowing, tillering, and booting stages of the crop growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1766productivitycrop simulation modeldecision support systemsCERES wheatagroecology |
| spellingShingle | Gul Roz Khan Hiba M. Alkharabsheh Mohammad Akmal Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail Nawab Ali Bushra A. Alhammad Muhammad Mehran Anjum Rabia Goher Fazli Wahid Mahmoud F. Seleiman Gerrit Hoogenboom Split Nitrogen Application Rates for Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Yield and Grain N Using the CSM-CERES-Wheat Model Agronomy productivity crop simulation model decision support systems CERES wheat agroecology |
| title | Split Nitrogen Application Rates for Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Yield and Grain N Using the CSM-CERES-Wheat Model |
| title_full | Split Nitrogen Application Rates for Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Yield and Grain N Using the CSM-CERES-Wheat Model |
| title_fullStr | Split Nitrogen Application Rates for Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Yield and Grain N Using the CSM-CERES-Wheat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Split Nitrogen Application Rates for Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Yield and Grain N Using the CSM-CERES-Wheat Model |
| title_short | Split Nitrogen Application Rates for Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Yield and Grain N Using the CSM-CERES-Wheat Model |
| title_sort | split nitrogen application rates for wheat i triticum aestivum i l yield and grain n using the csm ceres wheat model |
| topic | productivity crop simulation model decision support systems CERES wheat agroecology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1766 |
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